Ceccherini R
Ann Ig. 1989 Jan-Apr;1(1-2):313-50.
The alarming increase in the number of suicides among young people urges a number of researchers to try to find out the motivations that, by provoking a partial and temporary loss of the intellectual faculties, drive people to the self-injuring act. We believe it is significant to mention that the difference between males and females regarding suicide and attempted suicide (the first historically characteristical of the male sex, the second to the female sex) is getting less and less noticeable, owing to, probably, the equalization which is taking place between males and females. Since 1970, in fact, we have been witnessing the trend towards the increase of the female suicide, whereas the trend of the male suicide decreases; constantly until 1976, at the end of the time interval 1955-1980 the trend shows a slower increase of about 23.3% compared to the increase of suicide for the females. We have proof of this equalization taking place between males and females by examining the tendency of the "attempted suicide" phenomenon (table 3) which shows for the same interval of time an initial, steady increase for the female until 1969 and, after a decrease of less than one-third in 1970--in connection with the beginning of the trend towards the increase of the cases of female suicide for the same year--, it shows a steady decrease compared to the starting values of the beginning of the time interval. In 1980 the decrease of the cases of female "attempted suicide" is nearly identical to the decrease of the cases of male "attempted suicide"; (51.5% for the females, 53.8% for the males). A considerable contribution in trying to explain the reasons of this self-injuring action is being given by medicine that, thanks to the progresses in the intensive care area, has often allowed to transform a suicide into an attempted suicide, giving therefore the possibility of questioning thoroughly the people who tried to take their own life in order to understand better their motivations and the meaning of the action. An important element which suicides seem to have in common is the bivalence of the action, in fact, far from being ack of love towards oneself; it is, on one hand, an injury inflicted on other people, and on the other hand it is also--and very often it assumes a blackmail-like quality expressed in a rather aggressive--an appeal to them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
年轻人自杀人数的惊人增长促使许多研究人员试图找出那些通过引发智力能力的部分和暂时丧失，从而驱使人们采取自我伤害行为的动机。我们认为值得一提的是，男性和女性在自杀和自杀未遂方面的差异（历史上前者以男性为主，后者以女性为主）正变得越来越不明显，这可能是由于男性和女性之间正在发生的平等化。事实上，自1970年以来，我们目睹了女性自杀率上升的趋势，而男性自杀率呈下降趋势；在1955 - 1980年这个时间段结束前，直到1976年，男性自杀率持续下降，与女性自杀率的增长相比，其增长趋势较为缓慢，约为23.3%。通过研究“自杀未遂”现象的趋势（表3），我们得到了男性和女性之间正在发生这种平等化的证据，该表显示在相同的时间间隔内，女性“自杀未遂”现象最初稳步上升，直到1969年，在1970年下降了不到三分之一（与同年女性自杀率上升趋势的开始有关），之后与该时间间隔开始时的起始值相比呈稳步下降趋势。1980年，女性“自杀未遂”案例的下降与男性“自杀未遂”案例的下降几乎相同（女性为51.5%，男性为53.8%）。医学在试图解释这种自我伤害行为的原因方面做出了相当大的贡献，由于重症监护领域的进展，医学常常能够将自杀转变为自杀未遂，从而有可能彻底询问那些试图自杀的人，以便更好地理解他们的动机和行为的意义。自杀行为似乎有一个共同的重要因素，即行为的双重性，事实上，这远非对自己缺乏爱；一方面，它是对他人的一种伤害，另一方面，它也是（而且常常具有一种类似敲诈的性质，以相当激进的方式表达）对他人的一种诉求。（摘要截断于400字）
