Gitau George K, Bundi Royford M, Vanleeuwen John, Mulei Charles M
Department of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2014 Feb 26;85(1):950. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v85i1.950.
There is limited epidemiological knowledge on udder health in Kenyan dairy cattle that would aid in a pro-active approach towards mastitis prevention. The study objectives were: (1) to investigate the prevalence and distribution of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Mukurwe-ini and Nakuru Districts, Kenya, and (2) to determine the antibacterial sensitivity of the organisms causing bovine mastitis in these districts. The study involved field-screening of milk samples from 241 dairy cows on 128 farms by use of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and, if CMT-positive, followed by bacteriological culture of the major causative agents and their respective antibiotic sensitivity to eight commonly used antibiotics. All participating farms were visited twice during the study period. The results obtained during the first and second visits showed the prevalence of clinical mastitis to be very low: 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively; 56.0% and 65.0% of cows were CMT-positive on at least one quarter and 49.6% and 58.7% of cows were culture-positive, respectively. There was no significant difference in mastitis prevalence between Nakuru and Mukurwe-ini districts (p > 0.10). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 68.0% and 77.0% of samples during the first and second visits, respectively. Other frequently isolated agents included Streptococcus agalactiae, and other Streptococcus spp., S. aureus and S. agalactiae were most sensitive to gentamycin and norfloxacin, and least sensitive to cotrimazole and ampicillin. Knowing the prevalence of mastitogenic organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities could improve treatment efficacy and cow longevity.
关于肯尼亚奶牛乳房健康的流行病学知识有限，这有助于采取积极主动的乳腺炎预防措施。研究目标如下：（1）调查肯尼亚穆库尔韦伊尼和纳库鲁地区奶牛临床型和亚临床型乳腺炎的患病率及分布情况，（2）确定这些地区引起牛乳腺炎的病原体的抗菌敏感性。该研究通过使用加利福尼亚乳腺炎检测法（CMT）对128个农场的241头奶牛的牛奶样本进行现场筛查，如果CMT检测呈阳性，则对主要病原体进行细菌培养，并检测它们对八种常用抗生素的各自抗菌敏感性。在研究期间，所有参与的农场都被访问了两次。第一次和第二次访问获得的结果显示，临床型乳腺炎的患病率非常低：分别为0.9%和0.5%；至少一个乳腺区CMT检测呈阳性的奶牛分别为56.0%和65.0%，培养呈阳性的奶牛分别为49.6%和58.7%。纳库鲁和穆库尔韦伊尼地区之间的乳腺炎患病率没有显著差异（p＞0.10）。第一次和第二次访问期间，分别在68.0%和77.0%的样本中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌。其他经常分离出的病原体包括无乳链球菌和其他链球菌属。金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌对庆大霉素和诺氟沙星最敏感，对复方新诺明和氨苄西林最不敏感。了解致乳腺炎病原体的患病率及其抗生素敏感性可以提高治疗效果和奶牛寿命。
