Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Lariboisière Paris, France ; Department of Neurosurgery, Université Paris Diderot Paris, France ; IMNC, UMR 8165 Orsay, France.
Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center Montpellier, France ; Team "Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, Montpellier University Medical Center Montpellier, France.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2014 May 6;8:82. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00082. eCollection 2014.
Historically, cerebral processing has been conceptualized as a framework based on statically localized functions. However, a growing amount of evidence supports a hodotopical (delocalized) and flexible organization. A number of studies have reported absence of a permanent neurological deficit after massive surgical resections of eloquent brain tissue. These results highlight the tremendous plastic potential of the brain. Understanding anatomo-functional correlates underlying this cerebral reorganization is a prerequisite to restore brain functions through brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in patients with cerebral diseases, or even to potentiate brain functions in healthy individuals. Here, we review current knowledge of neural networks that could be utilized in the BCIs that enable movements and language. To this end, intraoperative electrical stimulation in awake patients provides valuable information on the cerebral functional maps, their connectomics and plasticity. Overall, these studies indicate that the complex cerebral circuitry that underpins interactions between action, cognition and behavior should be throughly investigated before progress in BCI approaches can be achieved.
从历史上看，大脑处理被概念化为基于静态局部功能的框架。然而，越来越多的证据支持非局部化（弥散的）和灵活的组织。大量研究报告称，在大脑语言区组织进行大规模手术切除后，没有永久性的神经功能缺损。这些结果突出了大脑的巨大可塑性。理解大脑重新组织背后的解剖功能相关性，是通过脑机接口（BCIs）在脑疾病患者中恢复大脑功能的前提，甚至是增强健康个体大脑功能的前提。在这里，我们回顾了可用于运动和语言的 BCIs 的神经网络的现有知识。为此，在清醒患者中进行术中电刺激可提供有关大脑功能图、连接组学和可塑性的有价值信息。总的来说，这些研究表明，在实现脑机接口方法的进展之前，应该彻底研究支撑动作、认知和行为之间相互作用的复杂大脑电路。
