Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2014 May 26;8:104. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00104. eCollection 2014.
This perspective emphasizes that the brain-machine interface (BMI) research has the potential to clarify major mysteries of the brain and that such clarification of the mysteries by neuroscience is needed to develop BMIs. I enumerate five principal mysteries. The first is "how is information encoded in the brain?" This is the fundamental question for understanding what our minds are and is related to the verification of Hebb's cell assembly theory. The second is "how is information distributed in the brain?" This is also a reconsideration of the functional localization of the brain. The third is "what is the function of the ongoing activity of the brain?" This is the problem of how the brain is active during no-task periods and what meaning such spontaneous activity has. The fourth is "how does the bodily behavior affect the brain function?" This is the problem of brain-body interaction, and obtaining a new "body" by a BMI leads to a possibility of changes in the owner's brain. The last is "to what extent can the brain induce plasticity?" Most BMIs require changes in the brain's neuronal activity to realize higher performance, and the neuronal operant conditioning inherent in the BMIs further enhances changes in the activity.
这一观点强调，脑机接口（BMI）研究有可能阐明大脑的主要奥秘，而神经科学对这些奥秘的阐明对于开发 BMI 是必要的。我列举了五个主要的奥秘。第一个是“信息在大脑中是如何编码的？”这是理解我们的思维是什么的基本问题，也与赫布细胞集合理论的验证有关。第二个是“信息在大脑中是如何分布的？”这也是对大脑功能定位的重新思考。第三个是“大脑的持续活动有什么作用？”这是大脑在无任务期间如何活跃以及这种自发活动有什么意义的问题。第四个是“身体行为如何影响大脑功能？”这是大脑-身体相互作用的问题，通过 BMI 获得一个新的“身体”，可能会导致主人大脑的变化。最后一个是“大脑能在多大程度上诱导可塑性？”大多数 BMI 都需要改变大脑的神经元活动来实现更高的性能，而 BMI 中固有的神经元操作性条件作用进一步增强了活动的改变。
