Department of Psychiatry, YongSang Andong Hospital, Andong, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2014 Apr;11(2):143-51. doi: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.2.143. Epub 2014 Apr 11.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with the deficit in executive functions. Playing Go involves many aspect of cognitive function and we hypothesized that it would be effective for children with ADHD.
Seventeen drug naïve children with ADHD and seventeen age and sex matched comparison subjects were participated. Participants played Go under the instructor's education for 2 hours/day, 5 days/week. Before and at the end of Go period, clinical symptoms, cognitive functions, and brain EEG were assessed with Dupaul's ADHD scale (ARS), Child depression inventory (CDI), digit span, the Children's Color Trails Test (CCTT), and 8-channel QEEG system (LXE3208, Laxtha Inc., Daejeon, Korea).
There were significant improvements of ARS total score (z=2.93, p<0.01) and inattentive score (z=2.94, p<0.01) in children with ADHD. However, there was no significant change in hyperactivity score (z=1.33, p=0.18). There were improvement of digit total score (z=2.60, p<0.01; z=2.06, p=0.03), digit forward score (z=2.21, p=0.02; z=2.02, p=0.04) in both ADHD and healthy comparisons. In addition, ADHD children showed decreased time of CCTT-2 (z=2.21, p=0.03). The change of theta/beta right of prefrontal cortex during 16 weeks was greater in children with ADHD than in healthy comparisons (F=4.45, p=0.04). The change of right theta/beta in prefrontal cortex has a positive correlation with ARS-inattention score in children with ADHD (r=0.44, p=0.03).
We suggest that playing Go would be effective for children with ADHD by activating hypoarousal prefrontal function and enhancing executive function.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状与执行功能缺陷有关。下围棋涉及认知功能的多个方面，我们假设它对 ADHD 儿童有效。
17 名未服用药物的 ADHD 儿童和 17 名年龄和性别匹配的对照组参加了此次研究。参与者在指导员的指导下每天玩 2 小时围棋，每周 5 天。在围棋期间前后，使用 Dupaul 的 ADHD 量表（ARS）、儿童抑郁量表（CDI）、数字跨度、儿童彩色轨迹测试（CCTT）和 8 通道 QEEG 系统（LXE3208，Laxtha Inc.，大田，韩国）评估临床症状、认知功能和大脑 EEG。
ADHD 儿童的 ARS 总分（z=2.93，p<0.01）和注意力不集中得分（z=2.94，p<0.01）均有显著改善。然而，多动得分无显著变化（z=1.33，p=0.18）。ADHD 儿童和健康对照组的数字总得分（z=2.60，p<0.01；z=2.06，p=0.03）和数字前向得分（z=2.21，p=0.02；z=2.02，p=0.04）均有改善。此外，ADHD 儿童的 CCTT-2 时间减少（z=2.21，p=0.03）。16 周时，ADHD 儿童右前额叶皮质的θ/β 变化大于健康对照组（F=4.45，p=0.04）。ADHD 儿童右前额叶皮质的θ/β 变化与 ADHD 儿童 ARS 注意力不集中得分呈正相关（r=0.44，p=0.03）。
我们认为，通过激活低警觉前额叶功能和增强执行功能，下围棋对 ADHD 儿童有效。
