Sun Yu, Liu Jing
Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.
Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.
Clin Ther. 2014 Jun 1;36(6):863-72. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.04.018. Epub 2014 May 23.
Exosomes are 30- to 100-nm, membrane-bound vesicles that are released by most types of cells, including tumor cells. Exosomes contain a great variety of bioactive molecules, including signal peptides, microRNA, lipids, and DNA. In cancer, tumor cells aberrantly secrete large quantities of exosomes to transport paracrine signals or to contribute to tumor-environment interaction at a distance.
The goal of this review was to discuss the recent advances on the mechanism of cancer-derived exosomes in tumor regulation.
Pertinent articles and abstracts were identified through searches of PubMed for literature published from 1983 to December 2013. Search terms included exosome, tumor, cancer, diagnosis, and therapy.
All of the exposed evidence points to communication between cancer cells and their surroundings, either mediated by cancer cell-derived exosomes or by stromal cell-derived exosomes. This communication probably supports tumor proliferation, motility, invasion, angiogenesis, and premetastatic niche preparation. In addition, recent research implies that cancer cell-derived exosomes play a suppressive role in cancer-directed immune response.
The biomarkers detected in bodily fluid-derived exosomes imply a potential for exosomes in cancer diagnosis. Also, exosomes could be used as a vehicle to selectively deliver therapeutic nucleic-acid drugs or conventional drugs for tumor therapy. The tolerability and feasibility of cancer exosomes in diagnosis and therapy need to be further evaluated.
外泌体是30至100纳米的膜结合囊泡，由包括肿瘤细胞在内的大多数类型细胞释放。外泌体包含多种生物活性分子，包括信号肽、微小RNA、脂质和DNA。在癌症中，肿瘤细胞异常分泌大量外泌体以传递旁分泌信号或远距离促进肿瘤与环境的相互作用。
本综述的目的是讨论癌症来源的外泌体在肿瘤调节机制方面的最新进展。
通过检索PubMed数据库确定1983年至2013年12月发表的相关文章和摘要。检索词包括外泌体、肿瘤、癌症、诊断和治疗。
所有已揭示的证据都指向癌细胞与其周围环境之间的通讯，这种通讯可能由癌细胞来源的外泌体或基质细胞来源的外泌体介导。这种通讯可能支持肿瘤增殖、迁移、侵袭、血管生成和转移前生态位的形成。此外，最近的研究表明癌细胞来源的外泌体在癌症导向的免疫反应中起抑制作用。
在体液来源的外泌体中检测到的生物标志物表明外泌体在癌症诊断中有潜在应用价值。此外，外泌体可作为载体选择性递送治疗性核酸药物或传统药物用于肿瘤治疗。癌症外泌体在诊断和治疗中的耐受性和可行性需要进一步评估。
