Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University, 28, Sonipat, 131001, India.
Med Oncol. 2023 Oct 5;40(11):321. doi: 10.1007/s12032-023-02176-6.
Cancer is the most challenging global health crisis. In the recent times, studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs) are adding a new chapter to cancer research and reports on EVs explores cancer in a new dimension. Exosomes are a group of subpopulations of EVs. It originates from the endosomes and carries biologically active molecules to the neighboring cells which in turn transforms the recipient cell activity. In general, it plays a role in cellular communication. The correlation between exosomes and cancer is fascinating. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) play a dynamic role in cancer progression and are associated with uncontrolled cell growth, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis. Its molecular cargo is an excellent source of cancer biomarkers. Several advanced molecular profiling approaches assist in exploring the TEXs in depth. This paves the way for a strong foundation for identifying and detecting more specific and efficient biomarkers. TEXs are also gaining importance in scientific society for its role in cancer therapy and several clinical trials based on TEXs is a proof of its significance. In this review, we have highlighted the role of TEXs in mediating immune cell reprogramming, cancer development, metastasis, EMT, organ-specific metastasis, and its clinical significance in cancer theranostics. TEXs profiling is an effective method to understand the complications associated with cancer leading to good health and well-being of the individual and society as a whole.
癌症是全球面临的最具挑战性的健康危机之一。近年来，关于细胞外囊泡（EVs）的研究为癌症研究增添了新篇章，有关 EVs 的报告从新的角度探索了癌症。外泌体是 EVs 的亚群之一。它起源于内体，并将具有生物活性的分子携带到邻近的细胞，从而改变受体细胞的活性。总的来说，它在细胞通讯中起着重要的作用。外泌体与癌症之间的关联非常吸引人。肿瘤来源的外泌体（TEXs）在癌症进展中起着动态作用，并与不受控制的细胞生长、血管生成、免疫抑制和转移有关。其分子货物是癌症生物标志物的极好来源。几种先进的分子分析方法有助于深入探索 TEXs。这为识别和检测更特异和有效的生物标志物奠定了坚实的基础。TEXs 在癌症治疗中的作用也在科学界引起了重视，基于 TEXs 的几项临床试验证明了其重要性。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 TEXs 在介导免疫细胞重编程、癌症发展、转移、上皮间质转化、器官特异性转移以及其在癌症治疗中的临床意义。TEXs 分析是了解与癌症相关的并发症的有效方法，有助于个体和整个社会的健康和福祉。
