Pedrosa María, Boyano-Martínez Teresa, García-Ara Carmen, Quirce Santiago
Allergy Department, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015 Oct;49(2):203-16. doi: 10.1007/s12016-014-8429-8.
Shellfish allergy is of increasing concern, as its prevalence has risen in recent years. Many advances have been made in allergen characterization. B cell epitopes in the major allergen tropomyosin have been characterized. In addition to tropomyosin, arginine kinase, sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein, and myosin light chain have recently been reported in shellfish. All are proteins that play a role in muscular contraction. Additional allergens such as hemocyanin have also been described. The effect of processing methods on these allergens has been studied, revealing thermal stability and resistance to peptic digestion in some cases. Modifications after Maillard reactions have also been addressed, although in some cases with conflicting results. In recent years, new hypoallergenic molecules have been developed, which constitute a new therapeutic approach to allergic disorders. A recombinant hypoallergenic tropomyosin has been developed, which opens a new avenue in the treatment of shellfish allergy. Cross-reactivity with species that are not closely related is common in shellfish-allergic patients, as many of shellfish allergens are widely distributed panallergens in invertebrates. Cross-reactivity with house dust mites is well known, but other species can also be involved in this phenomenon.
贝类过敏日益受到关注，因为其患病率近年来有所上升。在过敏原表征方面已取得许多进展。主要过敏原原肌球蛋白中的B细胞表位已得到表征。除原肌球蛋白外，贝类中最近还报道了精氨酸激酶、肌浆钙结合蛋白和肌球蛋白轻链。所有这些都是在肌肉收缩中起作用的蛋白质。还描述了其他过敏原，如血蓝蛋白。已经研究了加工方法对这些过敏原的影响，结果显示在某些情况下它们具有热稳定性且对胃蛋白酶消化具有抗性。美拉德反应后的修饰也已得到探讨，不过在某些情况下结果相互矛盾。近年来，已开发出新型低变应原性分子，这构成了一种治疗过敏性疾病的新方法。一种重组低变应原性原肌球蛋白已被开发出来，为贝类过敏的治疗开辟了一条新途径。在贝类过敏患者中，与亲缘关系不密切的物种发生交叉反应很常见，因为许多贝类过敏原是无脊椎动物中广泛分布的泛过敏原。与屋尘螨的交叉反应是众所周知的，但其他物种也可能参与这一现象。
