Khan Sharaf, Athwal Lisa, Zarbin Marco, Bhagat Neelakshi
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2014 May-Jun;51(3):140-53. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20140507-01.
Infectious endophthalmitis is a rare but severe complication of septecemia, intraocular surgeries, or penetrating eye trauma. The etiology, prognosis, and management of pediatric endophthalmitis resulting from exogenous and endogenous infections are reviewed. Open-globe trauma and glaucoma surgery are the most frequent causes of endophthalmitis in children, whereas endogenous infection is the least common cause. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species are common bacterial agents in both posttraumatic and postoperative pediatric endophthalmitis, whereas Candida albicans is a commonly reported organism in endogenous endophthalmitis. Additionally, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae appear more likely as pathogens in children than in adults. The clinical manifestations and outcome usually correlate with the virulence of the infecting organism. The visual prognosis of endophthalmitis is generally poor.
感染性眼内炎是败血症、眼内手术或眼球穿通伤罕见但严重的并发症。本文综述了由外源性和内源性感染引起的儿童眼内炎的病因、预后及治疗。开放性眼球外伤和青光眼手术是儿童眼内炎最常见的病因，而内源性感染是最不常见的病因。链球菌和葡萄球菌是儿童创伤后和术后眼内炎常见的细菌病原体，而白色念珠菌是内源性眼内炎常见的病原体。此外，肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌作为病原体在儿童中比在成人中更常见。临床表现和预后通常与感染病原体的毒力相关。眼内炎的视力预后通常较差。
