Zholobenko A, Modriansky M
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic.
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic.
Fitoterapia. 2014 Sep;97:122-32. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.05.016. Epub 2014 May 29.
Silymarin, a standardised extract of Silybum marianum (milk thistle), comprises mainly of silybin, with dehydrosilybin (DHSB), quercetin, taxifolin, silychristin and a number of other compounds which are known to possess a range of salutary effects. Indeed, there is evidence for their role in reducing tumour growth, preventing liver toxicity, and protecting a number of organs against ischemic damage. The hepatoprotective effects of silymarin, especially in preventing Amanita and alcohol intoxication induced damage to the liver, are a well established fact. Likewise, there is weighty evidence that silymarin possesses antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Additionally, it has emerged that in animal models, silymarin can protect the heart, brain, liver and kidneys against ischemia reperfusion injury, probably by preconditioning. The mechanisms of preconditioning are, in general, well studied, especially in the heart. On the other hand, the mechanism by which silymarin protects the heart from ischemia remains largely unexplored. This review, therefore, focuses on evaluating existing studies on silymarin induced cardioprotection in the context of the established mechanisms of preconditioning.
水飞蓟素是水飞蓟（奶蓟）的标准化提取物，主要由水飞蓟宾组成，还含有脱氢水飞蓟宾（DHSB）、槲皮素、紫杉叶素、水飞蓟亭以及许多其他已知具有一系列有益作用的化合物。事实上，有证据表明它们在减少肿瘤生长、预防肝毒性以及保护多个器官免受缺血性损伤方面发挥着作用。水飞蓟素的肝脏保护作用，尤其是在预防鹅膏菌和酒精中毒引起的肝脏损伤方面，是一个公认的事实。同样，有充分的证据表明水飞蓟素具有抗菌和抗癌活性。此外，在动物模型中发现，水飞蓟素可能通过预处理来保护心脏、大脑、肝脏和肾脏免受缺血再灌注损伤。一般来说，预处理的机制已经得到了充分的研究，尤其是在心脏方面。另一方面，水飞蓟素保护心脏免受缺血影响的机制在很大程度上仍未被探索。因此，本综述着重于在既定的预处理机制背景下，评估现有的关于水飞蓟素诱导心脏保护作用的研究。
