Cheung Felix, Lucas Richard E
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA,
Qual Life Res. 2014 Dec;23(10):2809-18. doi: 10.1007/s11136-014-0726-4. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
The present paper assessed the validity of single-item life satisfaction measures by comparing single-item measures to the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)-a more psychometrically established measure.
Two large samples from Washington (N = 13,064) and Oregon (N = 2,277) recruited by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and a representative German sample (N = 1,312) recruited by the Germany Socio-Economic Panel were included in the present analyses. Single-item life satisfaction measures and the SWLS were correlated with theoretically relevant variables, such as demographics, subjective health, domain satisfaction, and affect. The correlations between the two life satisfaction measures and these variables were examined to assess the construct validity of single-item life satisfaction measures.
Consistent across three samples, single-item life satisfaction measures demonstrated substantial degree of criterion validity with the SWLS (zero-order r = 0.62-0.64; disattenuated r = 0.78-0.80). Patterns of statistical significance for correlations with theoretically relevant variables were the same across single-item measures and the SWLS. Single-item measures did not produce systematically different correlations compared to the SWLS (average difference = 0.001-0.005). The average absolute difference in the magnitudes of the correlations produced by single-item measures and the SWLS was very small (average absolute difference = 0.015-0.042).
Single-item life satisfaction measures performed very similarly compared to the multiple-item SWLS. Social scientists would get virtually identical answer to substantive questions regardless of which measure they use.
本文通过将单项生活满意度测量方法与生活满意度量表（SWLS，一种在心理测量学上更成熟的测量方法）进行比较，评估了单项生活满意度测量方法的有效性。
本分析纳入了由行为风险因素监测系统招募的来自华盛顿州的两个大样本（N = 13,064）和俄勒冈州的样本（N = 2,277），以及由德国社会经济面板招募的具有代表性的德国样本（N = 1,312）。单项生活满意度测量方法和SWLS与理论上相关的变量（如人口统计学、主观健康、领域满意度和情感）进行了相关性分析。通过检查这两种生活满意度测量方法与这些变量之间的相关性，来评估单项生活满意度测量方法的结构效度。
在三个样本中一致的是，单项生活满意度测量方法与SWLS显示出相当程度的效标效度（零阶相关系数r = 0.62 - 0.64；校正衰减相关系数r = 0.78 - 0.80）。单项测量方法和SWLS与理论上相关变量的相关性在统计显著性模式上是相同的。与SWLS相比，单项测量方法产生的相关性没有系统差异（平均差异 = 0.001 - 0.005）。单项测量方法和SWLS产生的相关性大小的平均绝对差异非常小（平均绝对差异 = 0.015 - 0.042）。
与多项的SWLS相比，单项生活满意度测量方法的表现非常相似。无论使用哪种测量方法，社会科学家对于实质性问题得到的答案几乎是相同的。
