Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448; email:
Annu Rev Biophys. 2014;43:171-92. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-023136.
Ever since scientists realized that cells are the basic building blocks of all life, they have been developing tools to look inside them to reveal the architectures and mechanisms that define their biological functions. Whereas "looking into cells" is typically said in reference to optical microscopy, high-resolution in-cell and on-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful method that offers exciting new possibilities for structural and functional studies in and on live cells. In contrast to conventional imaging techniques, in- and on-cell NMR methods do not provide spatial information on cellular biomolecules. Instead, they enable atomic-resolution insights into the native cell states of proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids. Here we review recent advances and developments in both fields and discuss emerging concepts that have been delineated with these methods.
自从科学家们意识到细胞是所有生命的基本组成单位以来，他们一直在开发工具来观察细胞内部，以揭示定义其生物学功能的结构和机制。虽然“观察细胞”通常是指光学显微镜，但高分辨率的细胞内和细胞上核磁共振（NMR）光谱学是一种强大的方法，为活细胞内和细胞上的结构和功能研究提供了令人兴奋的新可能性。与传统的成像技术相比，细胞内和细胞上的 NMR 方法不能提供细胞生物分子的空间信息。相反，它们能够实现对蛋白质、核酸、聚糖和脂类的天然细胞状态的原子分辨率的深入了解。在这里，我们综述了这两个领域的最新进展和发展，并讨论了这些方法所阐明的新兴概念。
