Noland M P
Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1989 Sep;60(3):216-24. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1989.10607443.
Two behavioral techniques were assessed to determine their effects on subjects' adherence to unsupervised exercise. The subjects were 35 moderately fit persons who had just completed an adult fitness program (AF group) and 42 sedentary individuals who were recruited through the campus newspaper (NEWS group). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) self-monitoring, (b) reinforcement supplied by another person, or (c) control. All subjects were given instructions on how to exercise and asked to exercise on their own for 18 weeks. Self-monitoring subjects kept written records of their exercise behavior, while reinforcement subjects verbally reported their exercise behavior to another person who periodically administered rewards. Pre- and posttreatment tests on the NEWS group revealed no significant treatment or interaction effects. However, the reinforcement group had an 11% improvement in predicted max VO2 and a 9 bpm improvement in exercise heart rate compared to 7.8%, 5 bpm for the self-monitoring (SM) group and 5.3%, 6 bpm for the control group. T-tests indicated that reward and SM groups improved significantly on these variables, whereas the control group did not. SM (M = 2.07) and reinforcement (M = 2.29) groups reported a significantly higher frequency of exercise per week than the control (M = 1.36) group. The AF subjects were able to maintain their fitness level (with the exception of a small increase in body fat) over the 18-week period. The behavioral interventions had little differential effect on adherence by AF subjects who were already regular exercisers.
评估了两种行为技术，以确定它们对受试者坚持无监督锻炼的影响。受试者包括35名刚刚完成成人健身计划的中度健康者（AF组）和42名通过校园报纸招募的久坐不动者（NEWS组）。参与者被随机分配到三种条件之一：（a）自我监测，（b）他人提供强化，或（c）对照。所有受试者都得到了如何锻炼的指导，并被要求自行锻炼18周。自我监测的受试者记录自己的锻炼行为，而强化组的受试者则向定期给予奖励的另一个人口头报告自己的锻炼行为。对NEWS组的治疗前和治疗后测试显示没有显著的治疗或交互作用。然而，与自我监测（SM）组的7.8%、5次/分钟和对照组的5.3%、6次/分钟相比，强化组的预测最大摄氧量提高了11%，运动心率提高了9次/分钟。t检验表明，奖励组和SM组在这些变量上有显著改善，而对照组没有。SM组（M = 2.07）和强化组（M = 2.29）报告的每周锻炼频率明显高于对照组（M = 1.36）。AF组的受试者在18周内能够保持他们的健康水平（除了体脂略有增加）。行为干预对已经是经常锻炼者的AF组受试者的坚持程度几乎没有差异影响。
