Schneider Carolina, Taylor David, Zalsman Gil, Frangou Sophia, Kyriakopoulos Marinos
National and Specialist Acorn Lodge Children's Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK Pharmacy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
J Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jul;28(7):615-23. doi: 10.1177/0269881114533599. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
Antipsychotic medications (APs) are a well-established pharmacological treatment in adults with serious mental health problems. However, many adult mental health disorders have their origins and onset in childhood or adolescence. The understanding that neuropsychiatric conditions of childhood are in part biologically determined, led to an increase in the number of clinical trials supporting evidence on the efficacy of antipsychotic agents as first-line treatment for childhood psychotic disorders and therapeutic augmentation of nonpsychotic conditions. In recent years the use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents for neurodevelopmental, behavioural and psychiatric disorders has significantly increased while the age of prescription has decreased. These trends have not been matched by advances in the understanding of APs' safety profile in this group of patients. It is therefore crucial that current and future practice is informed by up-to-date synthesis of the evidence and clinical guidelines about the use and monitoring of these treatments in paediatric populations, since the effectiveness of early therapeutic interventions in children can affect positively the long-term outcome.
抗精神病药物（APs）是治疗患有严重心理健康问题的成年人的一种成熟的药物疗法。然而，许多成人心理健康障碍起源于童年或青少年时期并在那时发病。认识到儿童神经精神疾病部分由生物学因素决定，使得支持抗精神病药物作为儿童精神病性障碍一线治疗药物以及非精神病性疾病治疗增强剂疗效证据的临床试验数量有所增加。近年来，抗精神病药物在儿童和青少年中用于治疗神经发育、行为和精神障碍的使用显著增加，而处方年龄却有所降低。但在对这类患者群体中抗精神病药物安全性的认识方面，却没有取得相应进展。因此，至关重要的是，当前和未来的临床实践要依据有关这些治疗方法在儿科人群中的使用和监测的最新证据综合及临床指南，因为儿童早期治疗干预的有效性会对长期预后产生积极影响。
