Mahapatra Parth Sarathi, Panda Sipra, Walvekar P P, Kumar R, Das Trupti, Gurjar B R
Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Oct;21(19):11418-32. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3078-2. Epub 2014 Jun 7.
This study presents surface ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements conducted at Bhubaneswar from December 2010 to November 2012 and attempts for the very first time a health risk assessment of the atmospheric trace gases. Seasonal variation in average 24 h O3 and CO shows a distinct winter (December to February) maxima of 38.98 ± 9.32 and 604.51 ± 145.91 ppbv, respectively. O3 and CO characteristics and their distribution were studied in the form of seasonal/diurnal variations, air flow patterns, inversion conditions, and meteorological parameters. The observed winter high is likely due to higher regional emissions, the presence of a shallower boundary layer, and long-range transport of pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Large differences between daytime and nighttime O3 values during winter compared to other seasons suggest that photochemistry is much more active on this site during winter. O3 and CO observations are classified in continental and marine air masses, and continental influence is estimated to increase O3 and CO by up to 20 and 120 ppbv, respectively. Correlation studies between O3 and CO in various seasons indicated the role of CO as one of the O3 precursors. Health risk estimates predict 48 cases of total premature mortality in adults due to ambient tropospheric O3 during the study period. Comparatively low CO concentrations at the site do not lead to any health effects even during winter. This study highlights the possible health risks associated with O3 and CO pollution in Bhubaneswar, but these results are derived from point measurements and should be complemented either with regional scale observations or chemical transport models for use in design of mitigation policies.
本研究展示了2010年12月至2012年11月在布巴内斯瓦尔进行的地表臭氧（O₃）和一氧化碳（CO）测量，并首次尝试对大气痕量气体进行健康风险评估。平均24小时O₃和CO的季节变化显示，冬季（12月至2月）有明显的最大值，分别为38.98±9.32 ppbv和604.51±145.91 ppbv。以季节/日变化、气流模式、逆温条件和气象参数的形式研究了O₃和CO的特征及其分布。观测到的冬季高值可能是由于区域排放量增加、边界层较浅以及污染物从印度-恒河平原（IGP）的远距离传输。与其他季节相比，冬季白天和夜间O₃值之间的巨大差异表明，该地点冬季的光化学活性要强得多。O₃和CO观测数据被分类为大陆气团和海洋气团，据估计，大陆影响分别使O₃和CO增加多达20 ppbv和120 ppbv。不同季节O₃和CO之间的相关性研究表明，CO作为O₃前体之一的作用。健康风险估计预测，在研究期间，由于环境对流层O₃，成年人中共有48例过早死亡。即使在冬季，该地点相对较低的CO浓度也不会导致任何健康影响。本研究强调了布巴内斯瓦尔与O₃和CO污染相关的潜在健康风险，但这些结果来自定点测量，应通过区域尺度观测或化学传输模型进行补充，以用于缓解政策的设计。
