Mikkelsen Mette V, Husby Sofie, Skov Laurits R, Perez-Cueto Federico J A
Development of Planning and Development, Research group for Meal science and Public Health Nutrition - MENU, University of Aalborg, A,C, Meyers Vaenge 15, Copenhagen SV 2450, Denmark.
Nutr J. 2014 Jun 6;13:56. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-56.
With the worldwide levels of obesity new venues for promotion of healthy eating habits are necessary. Considering children's eating habits are founded during their preschool years early educational establishments are a promising place for making health promoting interventions.
This systematic review evaluates different types of healthy eating interventions attempting to prevent obesity among 3 to 6 year-olds in preschools, kindergartens and day care facilities. Studies that included single interventions, educational interventions and/or multicomponent interventions were eligible for review. Included studies also had to have conducted both baseline and follow-up measurements.A systematic search of the databases Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PubMed was conducted to identify articles that met the inclusion criteria. The bibliographies of identified articles were also searched for relevant articles.
The review identified 4186 articles, of which 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen of the interventions took place in preschools, 10 in kindergartens and 1 in another facility where children were cared for by individuals other than their parents. Seventeen of the 26 included studies were located in North America, 1 in South America, 5 in Asia, and 3 in a European context.Healthy eating interventions in day care facilities increased fruit and vegetable consumption and nutrition related knowledge among the target groups. Only 2 studies reported a significant decrease in body mass index.
This review highlights the scarcity of properly designed healthy eating interventions using clear indicators and verifiable outcomes. The potential of preschools as a potential setting for influencing children's food choice at an early age should be more widely recognised and utilised.
鉴于全球肥胖水平，推广健康饮食习惯的新途径很有必要。考虑到儿童的饮食习惯在学龄前就已形成，早期教育机构是进行促进健康干预的理想场所。
本系统评价评估了旨在预防幼儿园、学前班和日托机构中3至6岁儿童肥胖的不同类型的健康饮食干预措施。包括单一干预、教育干预和/或多成分干预的研究均符合纳入评价的标准。纳入的研究还必须进行了基线测量和随访测量。对Scopus、科学网、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）和PubMed数据库进行了系统检索，以识别符合纳入标准的文章。还在已识别文章的参考文献中搜索了相关文章。
该评价共识别出4186篇文章，其中26项研究符合纳入标准。15项干预措施在幼儿园进行，10项在学前班进行，1项在另一设施中进行，该设施由非儿童父母的人员照顾儿童。26项纳入研究中，17项位于北美洲，1项位于南美洲，5项位于亚洲，3项位于欧洲。日托机构中的健康饮食干预措施增加了目标群体的水果和蔬菜摄入量以及与营养相关的知识。只有2项研究报告体重指数有显著下降。
本评价突出了使用明确指标和可验证结果进行精心设计的健康饮食干预措施的稀缺性。幼儿园作为在早期影响儿童食物选择的潜在场所的潜力应得到更广泛的认可和利用。
