Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave., 325 Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA,
Curr Diab Rep. 2014 Aug;14(8):509. doi: 10.1007/s11892-014-0509-x.
Goal setting is a widely used behavior change tool in diabetes education and training. Prior research found specific relatively difficult but attainable goals set within a specific timeframe improved performance in sports and at the workplace. However, the impact of goal setting in diabetes self-care has not received extensive attention. This review examined the mechanisms underlying behavioral change according to goal setting theory and evaluated the impact of goal setting in diabetes intervention studies. Eight studies were identified, which incorporated goal setting as the primary strategy to promote behavioral change in individual, group-based, and primary care settings among patients with type 2 diabetes. Improvements in diabetes-related self-efficacy, dietary intake, physical activity, and A1c were observed in some but not all studies. More systematic research is needed to determine the conditions and behaviors for which goal setting is most effective. Initial recommendations for using goal setting in diabetes patient encounters are offered.
目标设定是糖尿病教育和培训中广泛使用的行为改变工具。先前的研究发现，在特定时间内设定具体的、相对困难但可实现的目标，可以提高运动和工作场所的表现。然而，目标设定对糖尿病自我护理的影响尚未得到广泛关注。本综述根据目标设定理论，考察了行为改变的机制，并评估了目标设定在糖尿病干预研究中的影响。确定了八项研究，这些研究将目标设定作为主要策略，以在个体、基于小组和初级保健环境中促进 2 型糖尿病患者的行为改变。一些研究观察到与糖尿病相关的自我效能、饮食摄入、身体活动和 A1c 的改善，但并非所有研究都观察到了这些改善。需要进行更系统的研究，以确定目标设定最有效的条件和行为。为在糖尿病患者就诊时使用目标设定提供了初步建议。
