Strecher V J, Seijts G H, Kok G J, Latham G P, Glasgow R, DeVellis B, Meertens R M, Bulger D W
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
Health Educ Q. 1995 May;22(2):190-200. doi: 10.1177/109019819502200207.
This article discusses the beneficial effects of setting goals in health behavior change and maintenance interventions. Goal setting theory predicts that, under certain conditions, setting specific difficult goals leads to higher performance when compared with no goals or vague, nonquantitative goals, such as "do your best." In contrast to the graduated, easy goals often set in health behavior change programs, goal setting theory asserts a positive linear relationship between degree of goal difficulty and level of performance. Research on goal setting has typically been conducted in organizational and laboratory settings. Although goal setting procedures are used in many health behavior change programs, they rarely have been the focus of systematic research. Therefore, many research questions still need to be answered regarding goal setting in the context of health behavior change. Finally, initial recommendations for the successful integration of goal setting theory in health behavior change programs are offered.
本文讨论了在健康行为改变及维持干预中设定目标的有益效果。目标设定理论预测，在某些条件下，与没有目标或设定模糊、非量化的目标（如“尽你最大努力”）相比，设定具体且具有挑战性的目标会带来更高的绩效。与健康行为改变项目中通常设定的渐进式、容易的目标不同，目标设定理论主张目标难度与绩效水平之间存在正线性关系。关于目标设定的研究通常是在组织和实验室环境中进行的。虽然目标设定程序在许多健康行为改变项目中都有应用，但它们很少成为系统研究的焦点。因此，在健康行为改变背景下，关于目标设定仍有许多研究问题有待解答。最后，本文给出了将目标设定理论成功融入健康行为改变项目的初步建议。
