Sreekrishnan Anirudh, Herrera Tania A, Wu Jia, Borelli Jessica L, White Lars O, Rutherford Helena J V, Mayes Linda C, Crowley Michael J
Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, USA.
Dev Sci. 2014 Nov;17(6):1029-41. doi: 10.1111/desc.12191. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Across species, kin bond together to promote survival. We sought to understand the dyadic effect of exclusion by kin (as opposed to non-kin strangers) on brain activity of the mother and her child and their subjective distress. To this end, we probed mother-child relationships with a computerized ball-toss game Cyberball. When excluded by one another, rather than by a stranger, both mothers and children exhibited a significantly pronounced frontal P2. Moreover, upon kin rejection versus stranger rejection, both mothers and children showed incremented left frontal positive slow waves for rejection events. Children reported more distress upon exclusion than their own mothers. Similar to past work, relatively augmented negative frontal slow wave activity predicted greater self-reported ostracism distress. This effect, generalized to the P2, was limited to mother- or child-rejection by kin, with comparable magnitude of effect across kin identity (mothers vs. children). For both mothers and children, the frontal P2 peak was significantly pronounced for kin rejection versus stranger rejection. Taken together, our results document the rapid categorization of social signals as kin relevant and the specificity of early and late neural markers for predicting felt ostracism.
在跨物种中，亲属会团结在一起以促进生存。我们试图了解亲属（而非非亲属陌生人）的排斥对母亲及其孩子的大脑活动以及他们主观痛苦的二元效应。为此，我们使用电脑抛球游戏“赛博球”来探究母婴关系。当彼此（而非陌生人）相互排斥时，母亲和孩子的额叶P2波均显著增强。此外，与陌生人排斥相比，在亲属排斥时，母亲和孩子在排斥事件中左额叶正慢波均增加。孩子报告的被排斥时的痛苦比他们自己的母亲更多。与过去的研究相似，相对增强的额叶负慢波活动预示着更高的自我报告的被排斥痛苦。这种效应扩展到P2波，仅限于亲属对母亲或孩子的排斥，且在亲属身份（母亲与孩子）间效应大小相当。对于母亲和孩子来说，亲属排斥与陌生人排斥相比，额叶P2波峰值均显著增强。综上所述，我们的结果证明了社会信号作为与亲属相关的快速分类，以及早期和晚期神经标记物预测感觉到的被排斥的特异性。
