Nicastro Holly L, Trujillo Elaine B, Milner John A
Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Center for Cancer Training, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7328, Bethesda, MD 20892-7328, USA.
Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7328, Bethesda, MD 20892-7328, USA.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2012 Mar 1;1(1):37-43. doi: 10.1007/s13668-011-0007-6.
Mounting evidence continues to point to dietary habits as a modifier of cancer risk and tumor behavior; although it is clear that considerable variability occurs across studies. While genetic public health messages can be developed, the use of mean values may result in underexposure to some essential and nonessential food components, yet precipitate overexposure to nutrients. Undeniably, inconsistencies in the literature may reflect variation in timing of exposures to specific dietary constituents, interactions with the food matrix, processing technologies, or the genomic variation among individuals, which can influence absorption, metabolism, and/or the molecular target. Inter-individual variability in genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, or microbiomics can influence the magnitude and direction of response to bioactive food components, as briefly reviewed in this article. Unquestionably, understanding nutrigenomics holds promise to reveal those who will benefit most from dietary interventions plus identify any who might be placed at risk due to overexposures.
越来越多的证据继续表明饮食习惯是癌症风险和肿瘤行为的一个调节因素；尽管很明显，不同研究之间存在相当大的差异。虽然可以制定一般性的公共卫生信息，但使用平均值可能会导致对一些必需和非必需食物成分摄入不足，同时却可能导致某些营养素摄入过量。不可否认，文献中的不一致可能反映了个体接触特定饮食成分的时间差异、与食物基质的相互作用、加工技术或个体间的基因组变异，这些都会影响吸收、代谢和/或分子靶点。如本文简要综述的，遗传学、表观遗传学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学或微生物组学方面的个体间差异会影响对生物活性食物成分反应的大小和方向。毫无疑问，了解营养基因组学有望揭示那些将从饮食干预中获益最大的人，并识别出任何可能因摄入过量而面临风险的人。
