Kaarniranta Kai, Machalińska Anna, Veréb Zoltán, Salminen Antero, Petrovski Goran, Kauppinen Anu
Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland .
Curr Eye Res. 2015 Feb;40(2):226-33. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.925933. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial eye disease that is associated with aging, family history, smoking, obesity, cataract surgery, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and unhealthy diet. Gender has commonly been classified as a weak or inconsistent risk factor for AMD. This disease is characterized by degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris, which secondarily lead to damage and death of photoreceptor cells and central visual loss. Pathogenesis of AMD involves constant oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and increased accumulation of lipofuscin and drusen. Estrogen has both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity and it regulates signaling pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. In this review, we discuss potential cellular signaling targets of estrogen in retinal cells and AMD pathology.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种多因素眼病，与衰老、家族史、吸烟、肥胖、白内障手术、动脉硬化、高血压、高胆固醇血症和不健康饮食有关。性别通常被归类为AMD的一个微弱或不一致的风险因素。这种疾病的特征是视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞、布鲁赫膜和脉络膜毛细血管变性，继而导致光感受器细胞损伤和死亡以及中心视力丧失。AMD的发病机制涉及持续的氧化应激、慢性炎症以及脂褐素和玻璃膜疣积累增加。雌激素具有抗氧化和抗炎能力，并调节参与AMD发病机制的信号通路。在本综述中，我们讨论了雌激素在视网膜细胞和AMD病理学中的潜在细胞信号靶点。
