Rand Karin, Bar Einat, Ben-Ari Matan, Lewinsohn Efraim, Inbar Moshe
Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
J Chem Ecol. 2014 Jun;40(6):632-42. doi: 10.1007/s10886-014-0462-9. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
Pistacia palaestina Boiss. (Anacardiaceae), a sibling species of P. terebinthus also known as turpentine tree or terebinth tree, is common in the Levant region. The aphid Baizongia pistaciae L. manipulates the leaves of the plant to form large galls, which provide both food and protection for its developing offspring. We analyzed the levels and composition of mono-and sesquiterpenes in both leaves and galls of ten naturally growing trees. Our results show that monoterpene hydrocarbons are the main constituents of P. palaestina leaves and galls, but terpene levels and composition vary among trees. Despite this inter-tree variation, terpene levels and compositions in galls from different trees resemble each other more than the patterns displayed by leaves from the same trees. Generally, galls contain 10 to 60 fold higher total terpene amounts than leaves, especially of the monoterpenes α-pinene and limonene. Conversely, the leaves generally accumulate more sesquiterpenes, in particular E-caryophyllene, germacrene D and δ-cadinene, in comparison to galls. Our results clearly show that the terpene pattern in the galls is not a simple reflection of that of the leaves and suggest that aphids have a strong impact on the metabolism of their host plant, possibly for their own defense.
巴勒斯坦黄连木（漆树科）是与笃耨香（也称为松节油树或笃耨香树）的近缘物种，在黎凡特地区很常见。黄连木白蚜会操纵这种植物的叶子形成大型虫瘿，为其发育中的后代提供食物和保护。我们分析了十棵自然生长树木的叶子和虫瘿中单萜和倍半萜的含量及组成。我们的结果表明，单萜烃是巴勒斯坦黄连木叶和虫瘿的主要成分，但萜类物质的含量和组成在不同树木之间存在差异。尽管存在这种树木间的差异，但不同树木虫瘿中的萜类物质含量和组成彼此之间的相似性高于同一树木叶子所呈现的模式。一般来说，虫瘿中的总萜类物质含量比叶子高10到60倍，尤其是单萜α-蒎烯和柠檬烯。相反，与虫瘿相比，叶子通常积累更多的倍半萜，特别是E-石竹烯、杜松烯D和δ-杜松烯。我们的结果清楚地表明，虫瘿中的萜类物质模式并非叶子模式的简单反映，并表明蚜虫对其寄主植物的代谢有强烈影响，这可能是为了它们自身的防御。
