Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Jul;62(7):1224-30. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12887. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
To determine the effect of milk and dairy intake on the development of all-cause dementia and its subtypes in an elderly Japanese population.
Prospective cohort study.
The Hisayama Study, Japan.
Individuals aged 60 and older without dementia (N = 1,081).
Milk and dairy intake was estimated using a 70-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire grouped into quartiles. The risk estimates of milk and dairy intake on the development of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model.
Over 17 years of follow-up, 303 subjects developed all-cause dementia; 166 had AD, and 98 had VaD. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of all-cause dementia, AD, and VaD significantly decreased as milk and dairy intake level increased (P for trend = .03 for all-cause dementia, .04 for AD, .01 for VaD). After adjusting for potential confounders, the linear relationship between milk and dairy intake and development of AD remained significant (P for trend = .03), whereas the relationships with all-cause dementia and VaD were not significant. The risk of AD was significantly lower in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of milk and dairy intake than in the first quartile.
Greater milk and dairy intake reduced the risk of dementia, especially AD, in the general Japanese population.
在日本老年人群中，确定牛奶和乳制品的摄入对全因痴呆及其亚型发展的影响。
前瞻性队列研究。
日本久山研究。
无痴呆（N=1081）的 60 岁及以上个体。
采用 70 项半定量食物频率问卷估计牛奶和乳制品的摄入量，分为四分位数。使用 Cox 比例风险模型计算牛奶和乳制品摄入对全因痴呆、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VaD）发展的风险估计。
在 17 年的随访中，303 名受试者发生全因痴呆；166 名患有 AD，98 名患有 VaD。随着牛奶和乳制品摄入量的增加，全因痴呆、AD 和 VaD 的年龄和性别调整发病率显著降低（全因痴呆 P 趋势=0.03，AD P 趋势=0.04，VaD P 趋势=0.01）。在调整潜在混杂因素后，AD 与牛奶和乳制品摄入之间的线性关系仍然显著（P 趋势=0.03），而与全因痴呆和 VaD 之间的关系不显著。与第一四分位数相比，牛奶和乳制品摄入量处于第二、第三和第四四分位数的 AD 风险显著降低。
在日本普通人群中，更多的牛奶和乳制品摄入降低了痴呆，尤其是 AD 的风险。
