Chen Liying, Tatewaki Yasuko, Thyreau Benjamin, Uchida Kazuhiro, Iki Hikari, Nakaji Shigeyuki, Maeda Tetsuya, Ono Kenjiro, Noguchi-Shinohara Moeko, Mimura Masaru, Nakashima Kenji, Iga Jun-Ichi, Takebayashi Minoru, Ninomiya Toshiharu, Taki Yasuyuki
Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD), Fukuoka, Japan.
Geroscience. 2025 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01791-7.
Diet is widely considered essential in dementia, but its association with white matter lesions (WMLs) remains unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between dietary patterns, dementia, and WMLs in a large, nationwide, multicenter population of older Japanese adults. A total of 8,938 adults (aged ≥ 65; 73 ± 6.3 years old) from the Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. A trained Convolutional Neural Network model segmented WMLs from brain MR images. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) for dementia by dietary pattern quartiles, while linear regression assessed associations with WML volumes. Five dietary patterns were extracted. A Japanese diet including protein and minerals was significantly associated with lower prevalence of all-cause dementia (OR = 0.56) and Alzheimer's disease (OR = 0.47), and with reduced WML volume (β = - 0.03). Similar directional trends in ORs were observed across study sites. The reverse association with WMLs remained significant among individuals without dementia, reducing the likelihood of reverse causation. A Japanese diet including protein and minerals was associated with lower dementia prevalence and smaller WML volume in older Japanese adults. Drawing on nationwide, large-scale, multicenter data, these findings advance our understanding of dietary patterns in older Japanese adults and provide valuable insights for future intervention studies targeting diet and age-related brain changes.
饮食被广泛认为对痴呆症至关重要，但其与白质病变（WMLs）的关联仍不清楚。这项横断面研究调查了日本老年成年人全国性大型多中心人群中饮食模式、痴呆症和WMLs之间的关联。纳入了来自日本老龄化与痴呆症前瞻性研究合作组织（JPSC-AD）的总共8938名成年人（年龄≥65岁；73±6.3岁）。使用食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量。主成分分析用于得出饮食模式。一个经过训练的卷积神经网络模型从脑部磁共振图像中分割出WMLs。逻辑回归估计饮食模式四分位数与痴呆症的比值比（ORs），而线性回归评估与WML体积的关联。提取了五种饮食模式。包括蛋白质和矿物质的日本饮食与全因痴呆症（OR = 0.56）和阿尔茨海默病（OR = 0.47）的较低患病率显著相关，并且与WML体积减小（β = -0.03）相关。在各研究地点观察到ORs的类似方向趋势。在无痴呆症个体中，与WMLs的反向关联仍然显著，降低了反向因果关系的可能性。包括蛋白质和矿物质的日本饮食与日本老年成年人较低的痴呆症患病率和较小的WML体积相关。利用全国性、大规模、多中心数据，这些发现增进了我们对日本老年成年人饮食模式的理解，并为未来针对饮食和与年龄相关的脑部变化的干预研究提供了有价值的见解。
