Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Mar 28;22(1):257. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-02939-2.
Several prospective Western studies have reported an inverse association of vegetable and fruit intake with dementia risk. However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence in Asians. This study investigated the association of intakes of vegetables, fruits, and their nutrients on the risk of incident dementia and its subtypes in a Japanese community.
A total of 1071 participants (452 men and 619 women) aged ≥60 years without dementia at baseline were prospectively followed up for 24 years. Intakes of vegetables, fruits, and nutrients were evaluated using a 70-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and were categorized into quartiles separately by gender. The outcome measure was the development of dementia and its subtypes-namely, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). The risk estimates of incident dementia were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model.
During the long-term follow-up period, 464 subjects developed dementia, of whom 286 had AD and 144 had VaD. Higher vegetable intake was associated gradually with lower risk of developing dementia and AD (both P-trend < 0.05), but not VaD, after adjusting for confounders. Subjects allocated the highest quartile of vegetable intake had 27 and 31% lower risk of dementia and AD, respectively, than those with the lowest quartile. The risk of dementia decreased significantly with higher intakes of vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, magnesium, calcium, and potassium (all P-trend < 0.05). Subjects with higher total dietary fiber intake tended to be at decreased risk for total dementia (P-trend = 0.07). Meanwhile, there were no significant associations between fruit intake and the risk of dementia and its subtypes.
Higher intakes of vegetables and their constituent nutrients were associated with a lower risk of dementia in Japanese older adults. A diet rich in vegetables may be beneficial in reducing the dementia risk in Asians.
几项前瞻性的西方研究报告称，蔬菜和水果的摄入量与痴呆风险呈负相关。然而，亚洲的流行病学证据有限。本研究在日本社区中调查了蔬菜、水果及其营养素的摄入量与新发痴呆及其亚型风险的关系。
共有 1071 名年龄≥60 岁、基线时无痴呆的参与者（452 名男性和 619 名女性）前瞻性随访 24 年。基线时使用 70 项半定量食物频率问卷评估蔬菜、水果和营养素的摄入量，并按性别分别分为四等份。结局指标为痴呆及其亚型（即阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VaD））的发生。使用 Cox 比例风险模型计算新发痴呆的风险估计。
在长期随访期间，464 名受试者发生痴呆，其中 286 名患有 AD，144 名患有 VaD。在校正混杂因素后，随着蔬菜摄入量的增加，发生痴呆和 AD 的风险逐渐降低（均 P-trend <0.05），但与 VaD 无关。蔬菜摄入量最高四分位组发生痴呆和 AD 的风险分别比最低四分位组低 27%和 31%。随着维生素 A、核黄素、维生素 C、镁、钙和钾摄入量的增加，痴呆的风险显著降低（均 P-trend <0.05）。总膳食纤维摄入量较高的受试者发生总痴呆的风险较低（P-trend=0.07）。同时，水果摄入量与痴呆及其亚型的风险之间没有显著关联。
较高的蔬菜摄入量及其组成营养素与日本老年人较低的痴呆风险相关。富含蔬菜的饮食可能有益于降低亚洲人的痴呆风险。
