McManus C M, Levy J K, Andersen L A, McGorray S P, Leutenegger C M, Gray L K, Hilligas J, Tucker S J
Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Vet J. 2014 Aug;201(2):196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.015. Epub 2014 May 15.
Upper respiratory infection (URI) is a pervasive problem in cats and impacts the capacity and cost of sheltering programs. This study determined the pattern of respiratory pathogens in cats with and without clinical signs of URI in four different models for managing unowned cats, namely, (1) short-term animal shelters (STS), (2) long-term sanctuaries (LTS), (3) home-based foster care programs (FCP), and (4) trap-neuter-return programs for community cats (TNR). Conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs from 543 cats, approximately half of which showed clinical signs of URI, were tested for feline herpes virus-1 (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma felis, and canine influenza virus by real-time PCR. FHV (59%, 41%) and B. bronchiseptica (33%, 24%) were more prevalent in both clinically affected and nonclinical cats, respectively, in STS than other management models. FCV (67%, 51%) and M. felis (84%, 86%) were more prevalent in LTS than any other management model. Clinically affected cats in FCP were more likely to carry FHV (23%, 6%), C. felis (24%, 10%), or M. felis (58%, 38%) than were nonclinical cats. Clinically affected cats in TNR were more likely to carry FCV (55%, 36%) or C. felis (23%, 4%) than were nonclinical cats. The prevalence of individual pathogens varied between different management models, but the majority of the cats in each model carried one or more respiratory pathogens regardless of clinical signs. Both confined and free-roaming cats are at risk of developing infectious respiratory disease and their health should be protected by strategic vaccination, appropriate antibiotic therapy, effective biosecurity, feline stress mitigation, and alternatives to high-density confinement.
上呼吸道感染（URI）是猫类中普遍存在的问题，会影响收容计划的能力和成本。本研究确定了在四种管理无主猫的不同模式下，有和没有URI临床症状的猫的呼吸道病原体模式，即：（1）短期动物收容所（STS），（2）长期庇护所（LTS），（3）家庭寄养计划（FCP），以及（4）社区猫的诱捕-绝育-放归计划（TNR）。对543只猫的结膜和口咽拭子进行检测，其中约一半表现出URI的临床症状，通过实时PCR检测猫疱疹病毒-1（FHV）、猫杯状病毒（FCV）、猫衣原体、支气管败血博德特氏菌、猫支原体和犬流感病毒。在STS中，FHV（59%，41%）和支气管败血博德特氏菌（33%，24%）分别在有临床症状和无临床症状的猫中比其他管理模式更为普遍。FCV（67%，51%）和猫支原体（84%，86%）在LTS中比任何其他管理模式更为普遍。与无临床症状的猫相比，FCP中有临床症状的猫更有可能携带FHV（23%，6%）、猫衣原体（24%，10%）或猫支原体（58%，38%）。与无临床症状的猫相比，TNR中有临床症状的猫更有可能携带FCV（55%，36%）或猫衣原体（23%，4%）。不同管理模式下个体病原体的流行率有所不同，但每个模式中的大多数猫无论有无临床症状都携带一种或多种呼吸道病原体。圈养猫和自由放养的猫都有患传染性呼吸道疾病的风险，应通过战略疫苗接种、适当的抗生素治疗、有效的生物安全措施、减轻猫的压力以及替代高密度圈养的方法来保护它们的健康。
