Sanderson W C, Rapee R M, Barlow D H
Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, State University of New York, Albany.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989 Feb;46(2):157-62. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810020059010.
The current study tested the notion that a sense of control can mitigate anxiety and panic attacks caused by the inhalation of 5.5% carbon dioxide (CO2)-enriched air. Twenty patients with panic disorder inhaled a mixture of 5.5% CO2-enriched air for 15 minutes. All patients were instructed that illumination of a light directly in front of them would signal that they could decrease the amount of CO2 that they were receiving, if desired, by turning a dial attached to their chair. For ten patients, the light was illuminated during the entire administration of CO2. For the remaining ten patients, the light was never illuminated. In fact, all patients experienced the full CO2 mixture, and the dial was ineffective. When compared with patients who believed they had control, patients who believed they could not control the CO2 administration (1) reported a greater number of DSM-III-revised panic attack symptoms, (2) rated the symptoms as more intense, (3) reported greater subjective anxiety, (4) reported a greater number of catastrophic cognitions, (5) reported a greater resemblance of the overall inhalation experience to a naturally occurring panic attack, and (6) were significantly more likely to report panic attacks. These data illustrate the contribution of psychologic factors to laboratory induction of panic attacks through inhalation of 5.5% CO2-enriched air.
当前的研究验证了一种观点，即控制感可以减轻因吸入富含5.5%二氧化碳（CO2）的空气而引发的焦虑和惊恐发作。20名惊恐障碍患者吸入了富含5.5% CO2的空气混合物，持续15分钟。所有患者都被告知，他们面前的一盏灯会发出信号，表明如果他们愿意，可以通过转动椅子上的一个旋钮来减少所吸入的CO2量。对于10名患者，在整个CO2吸入过程中，灯一直亮着。对于其余10名患者，灯从未亮过。事实上，所有患者都吸入了完整的CO2混合物，旋钮并无作用。与那些认为自己有控制权的患者相比，那些认为自己无法控制CO2吸入的患者：（1）报告的DSM-III修订版惊恐发作症状更多；（2）将这些症状评定为更强烈；（3）报告的主观焦虑感更强；（4）报告的灾难性认知更多；（5）报告整个吸入体验与自然发生的惊恐发作更相似；（6）报告惊恐发作的可能性显著更高。这些数据说明了心理因素在通过吸入富含5.5% CO2的空气来实验室诱导惊恐发作方面所起的作用。
