Van den Hout M A, Griez E
Br J Psychiatry. 1984 May;144:503-7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.144.5.503.
The effects of inhaling a mixture of 35 per cent carbon dioxide and 65 per cent oxygen on the occurrence of panic symptoms defined by the DSM III, was investigated. Compared to a placebo (air), carbon dioxide produced more panic symptoms. If carbon dioxide inhalation was preceded by intake of a beta-blocker (60 mg propranolol), less symptoms occurred than if preceded by a placebo. The results are compared with earlier reports on the effects of lactate infusion. It is argued that panic disorders can be conceptualized as a fear of internal (panic) sensations and that inhalation of a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen may constitute an effective exposure treatment.
研究了吸入含35%二氧化碳和65%氧气的混合气体对《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM III）所定义的惊恐症状发生情况的影响。与安慰剂（空气）相比，二氧化碳会引发更多的惊恐症状。如果在吸入二氧化碳之前先服用β受体阻滞剂（60毫克普萘洛尔），则出现的症状比先服用安慰剂时要少。研究结果与之前关于输注乳酸盐影响的报告进行了比较。有人认为惊恐障碍可被理解为对内在（惊恐）感觉的恐惧，吸入二氧化碳和氧气的混合气体可能构成一种有效的暴露疗法。
