Cooper Jamie A
Department of Nutritional Sciences,Texas Tech University,Lubbock,TX,USA.
Nutr Res Rev. 2014 Jun;27(1):186-97. doi: 10.1017/S0954422414000109. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
As obesity continues to be a global epidemic, research into the mechanisms of hunger and satiety and how those signals act to regulate energy homeostasis persists. Peptide YY (PYY) is an acute satiety signal released upon nutrient ingestion and has been shown to decrease food intake when administered exogenously. More recently, investigators have studied how different factors influence PYY release and circulating levels in humans. Some of these factors include exercise, macronutrient composition of the diet, body-weight status, adiposity levels, sex, race and ageing. The present article provides a succinct and comprehensive review of the recent literature published on the different factors that influence PYY release and circulating levels in humans. Where human data are insufficient, evidence in animal or cell models is summarised. Additionally, the present review explores the recent findings on PYY responses to different dietary fatty acids and how this new line of research will make an impact on future studies on PYY. Human demographics, such as sex and age, do not appear to influence PYY levels. Conversely, adiposity or BMI, race and acute exercise all influence circulating PYY levels. Both dietary fat and protein strongly stimulate PYY release. Furthermore, MUFA appear to result in a smaller PYY response compared with SFA and PUFA. PYY levels appear to be affected by acute exercise, macronutrient composition, adiposity, race and the composition of fatty acids from dietary fat.
随着肥胖持续成为一种全球流行病，对饥饿和饱腹感机制以及这些信号如何调节能量平衡的研究仍在继续。肽YY（PYY）是营养物质摄入后释放的一种急性饱腹感信号，并且已表明外源性给予时会减少食物摄入量。最近，研究人员研究了不同因素如何影响人类体内PYY的释放和循环水平。其中一些因素包括运动、饮食中的宏量营养素组成、体重状况、肥胖程度、性别、种族和年龄。本文对最近发表的关于影响人类PYY释放和循环水平的不同因素的文献进行了简洁而全面的综述。在人类数据不足的情况下，总结了动物或细胞模型中的证据。此外，本综述探讨了关于PYY对不同膳食脂肪酸反应的最新发现，以及这一新的研究方向将如何影响未来关于PYY的研究。人类人口统计学特征，如性别和年龄，似乎不会影响PYY水平。相反，肥胖程度或体重指数、种族和急性运动都会影响循环中的PYY水平。膳食脂肪和蛋白质都会强烈刺激PYY释放。此外，与饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸相比，单不饱和脂肪酸似乎会导致较小的PYY反应。PYY水平似乎受急性运动、宏量营养素组成、肥胖程度、种族以及膳食脂肪中脂肪酸组成的影响。
