Seidman E G
Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Canada.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1989 Mar;18(1):129-55.
Nutritional deficits commonly occur in patients of all ages suffering from chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Growth failure represents a common, serious complication unique to the pediatric age group. Although the etiology of nutritional problems and growth failure is multifactorial, malnutrition owing to inadequate nutrient intake is the primary cause. Nutritional supplementation via the enteral or parenteral route restores normal body composition and can reverse linear and ponderal growth failure if administered effectively and prior to bone maturation. Both parenteral and enteral nutrition have been shown to effectively induce remission in acute Crohn's disease, but appear to be less satisfactory for patients with ulcerative or Crohn's colitis. The mechanisms by which such nutritional therapies improve disease activity are unclear but may involve the intestinal adaptive response to "bowel rest," immunologic effects, and nutritional factors.
营养缺乏在患有慢性炎症性肠病的各年龄段患者中普遍存在。生长发育迟缓是儿科年龄组特有的一种常见且严重的并发症。尽管营养问题和生长发育迟缓的病因是多因素的，但由于营养摄入不足导致的营养不良是主要原因。如果在骨骼成熟之前有效给予肠内或肠外营养补充，可恢复正常身体组成，并能逆转身高和体重增长迟缓。肠外营养和肠内营养均已被证明能有效诱导急性克罗恩病缓解，但对溃疡性结肠炎或克罗恩结肠炎患者似乎效果欠佳。此类营养疗法改善疾病活动的机制尚不清楚，但可能涉及肠道对“肠道休息”的适应性反应、免疫效应和营养因素。
