Marioni Riccardo E, Davies Gail, Hayward Caroline, Liewald Dave, Kerr Shona M, Campbell Archie, Luciano Michelle, Smith Blair H, Padmanabhan Sandosh, Hocking Lynne J, Hastie Nicholas D, Wright Alan F, Porteous David J, Visscher Peter M, Deary Ian J
Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK ; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK ; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK ; Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
Intelligence. 2014 May;44(100):26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2014.02.006.
Education, socioeconomic status, and intelligence are commonly used as predictors of health outcomes, social environment, and mortality. Education and socioeconomic status are typically viewed as environmental variables although both correlate with intelligence, which has a substantial genetic basis. Using data from 6815 unrelated subjects from the Generation Scotland study, we examined the genetic contributions to these variables and their genetic correlations. Subjects underwent genome-wide testing for common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). DNA-derived heritability estimates and genetic correlations were calculated using the 'Genome-wide Complex Trait Analyses' (GCTA) procedures. 21% of the variation in education, 18% of the variation in socioeconomic status, and 29% of the variation in general cognitive ability was explained by variation in common SNPs (SEs ~ 5%). The SNP-based genetic correlations of education and socioeconomic status with general intelligence were 0.95 (SE 0.13) and 0.26 (0.16), respectively. There are genetic contributions to intelligence and education with near-complete overlap between common additive SNP effects on these traits (genetic correlation ~ 1). Genetic influences on socioeconomic status are also associated with the genetic foundations of intelligence. The results are also compatible with substantial environmental contributions to socioeconomic status.
教育、社会经济地位和智力通常被用作健康结果、社会环境和死亡率的预测指标。教育和社会经济地位通常被视为环境变量，尽管它们都与智力相关，而智力有很大的遗传基础。利用来自苏格兰世代研究的6815名无亲属关系受试者的数据，我们研究了这些变量的遗传贡献及其遗传相关性。受试者接受了常见单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的全基因组检测。使用“全基因组复杂性状分析”（GCTA）程序计算DNA衍生的遗传力估计值和遗传相关性。常见SNP的变异解释了21%的教育变异、18%的社会经济地位变异和29%的一般认知能力变异（标准误5%）。教育和社会经济地位与一般智力的基于SNP的遗传相关性分别为0.95（标准误0.13）和0.26（0.16）。智力和教育存在遗传贡献，这些性状的常见加性SNP效应之间几乎完全重叠（遗传相关性1）。对社会经济地位的遗传影响也与智力的遗传基础相关。研究结果也与环境对社会经济地位的重大贡献相一致。
