少数族裔和贫困社区在美国更容易获得快餐店吗？
Do minority and poor neighborhoods have higher access to fast-food restaurants in the United States?
机构信息
Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 401 Park Drive, 3rd Floor West, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
出版信息
Health Place. 2014 Sep;29:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.04.011. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
BACKGROUND
Disproportionate access to unhealthy foods in poor or minority neighborhoods may be a primary determinant of obesity disparities. We investigated whether fast-food access varies by Census block group (CBG) percent black and poverty.
METHODS
We measured the average driving distance from each CBG population-weighted centroid to the five closest top ten fast-food chains and CBG percent black and percent below poverty.
RESULTS
Among 209,091 CBGs analyzed (95.1% of all US CBGs), CBG percent black was positively associated with fast-food access controlling for population density and percent poverty (average distance to fast-food was 3.56 miles closer (95% CI: -3.64, -3.48) in CBGs with the highest versus lowest quartile of percentage of black residents). Poverty was not independently associated with fast-food access. The relationship between fast-food access and race was stronger in CBGs with higher levels of poverty (p for interaction <0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Predominantly black neighborhoods had higher access to fast-food while poverty was not an independent predictor of fast-food access.
背景
贫困或少数族裔社区获得不健康食品的机会不均等，可能是造成肥胖差异的一个主要决定因素。我们调查了快餐的可及性是否因每个普查街区组（CBG）的黑人和贫困百分比而异。
方法
我们测量了每个 CBG 人口加权质心到最近的五个排名前十的快餐连锁店的平均驾车距离，以及 CBG 的黑人和贫困百分比。
结果
在分析的 209091 个 CBG 中（占所有美国 CBG 的 95.1%），在控制人口密度和贫困百分比的情况下，CBG 的黑人百分比与快餐的可及性呈正相关（在黑人居民比例最高和最低四分位数的 CBG 中，到快餐店的平均距离近 3.56 英里[95%CI：-3.64，-3.48]）。贫困与快餐的可及性无关。在贫困程度较高的 CBG 中，快餐可及性与种族之间的关系更强（p 交互<0.0001）。
结论
以黑人为主要人口的社区更容易获得快餐，而贫困并不是快餐可及性的一个独立预测因素。
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