Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 401 Park Drive, 3rd Floor West, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Health Place. 2014 Sep;29:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.04.011. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
Disproportionate access to unhealthy foods in poor or minority neighborhoods may be a primary determinant of obesity disparities. We investigated whether fast-food access varies by Census block group (CBG) percent black and poverty.
We measured the average driving distance from each CBG population-weighted centroid to the five closest top ten fast-food chains and CBG percent black and percent below poverty.
Among 209,091 CBGs analyzed (95.1% of all US CBGs), CBG percent black was positively associated with fast-food access controlling for population density and percent poverty (average distance to fast-food was 3.56 miles closer (95% CI: -3.64, -3.48) in CBGs with the highest versus lowest quartile of percentage of black residents). Poverty was not independently associated with fast-food access. The relationship between fast-food access and race was stronger in CBGs with higher levels of poverty (p for interaction <0.0001).
Predominantly black neighborhoods had higher access to fast-food while poverty was not an independent predictor of fast-food access.
贫困或少数族裔社区获得不健康食品的机会不均等，可能是造成肥胖差异的一个主要决定因素。我们调查了快餐的可及性是否因每个普查街区组（CBG）的黑人和贫困百分比而异。
我们测量了每个 CBG 人口加权质心到最近的五个排名前十的快餐连锁店的平均驾车距离，以及 CBG 的黑人和贫困百分比。
在分析的 209091 个 CBG 中（占所有美国 CBG 的 95.1%），在控制人口密度和贫困百分比的情况下，CBG 的黑人百分比与快餐的可及性呈正相关（在黑人居民比例最高和最低四分位数的 CBG 中，到快餐店的平均距离近 3.56 英里[95%CI：-3.64，-3.48]）。贫困与快餐的可及性无关。在贫困程度较高的 CBG 中，快餐可及性与种族之间的关系更强（p 交互<0.0001）。
以黑人为主要人口的社区更容易获得快餐，而贫困并不是快餐可及性的一个独立预测因素。
