Katsiki Niki, Tziomalos Konstantinos, Mikhailidis Dimitri P
Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(40):6276-88. doi: 10.2174/1381612820666140620125741.
Low to moderate alcohol intake has been associated with beneficial effects on the heart and the vasculature, including improvements in several established and emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors as well as reduced risk for several metabolic diseases, CVD morbidity and mortality. Binge and heavy drinking exert the opposite effects, leading to increased risks for all the above conditions. With regard to beverage type, there is some evidence supporting red wine superiority in cardioprotection, although other beverages have also been reported to exert beneficial metabolic and vascular effects when consumed in moderate amounts. In this narrative review we discuss the associations between alcohol consumption and CVD morbidity and mortality. Alcohol-induced effects on established and emerging CVD risk factors are also discussed taking into consideration different drinking patterns. Physicians should screen for excessive alcohol use and advise individuals to limit their alcohol intake to moderate amounts (up to 20-30 g/day for men and 10-20 g/day for women), preferably consumed with meals. The question of whether alcohol intake should be encouraged as a measure to prevent CVD remains unanswered.
低至适度饮酒已被证明对心脏和血管系统有有益影响，包括改善一些已确定和新出现的心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素，以及降低几种代谢性疾病、CVD发病率和死亡率的风险。暴饮和大量饮酒则产生相反的效果，导致上述所有情况的风险增加。关于饮料类型，有一些证据支持红酒在心脏保护方面的优越性，尽管也有报道称其他饮料适量饮用时也会产生有益的代谢和血管效应。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们讨论了饮酒与CVD发病率和死亡率之间的关联。还考虑了不同饮酒模式，讨论了酒精对已确定和新出现的CVD风险因素的影响。医生应筛查过量饮酒情况，并建议个人将酒精摄入量限制在适度水平（男性每天最多20 - 30克，女性每天10 - 20克），最好随餐饮用。是否应鼓励饮酒作为预防CVD的措施这一问题仍未得到解答。
