Wright Bernice, Peters Emmanuelle, Ettinger Ulrich, Kuipers Elizabeth, Kumari Veena
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Noise Health. 2014 May-Jun;16(70):166-76. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.134917.
Noise stress (NS) is detrimental to many aspects of human health and behavior. Understanding the effect of noise stressors on human cognitive function is a growing area of research and is crucial to helping clinical populations, such as those with schizophrenia, which are particularly sensitive to stressors. A review of electronic databases for studies assessing the effect of acute NS on cognitive functions in healthy adults revealed 31 relevant studies. The review revealed (1) NS exerts a clear negative effect on attention, working memory and episodic recall, and (2) personality characteristics, in particular neuroticism, and sleep influence the impact of noise stressors on performance in interaction with task complexity. Previous findings of consistent impairment in NS-relevant cognitive domains, heightened sensitivity to stressors, elevated neuroticism and sleep disturbances in schizophrenia, taken together with the findings of this review, highlight the need for empirical studies to elucidate whether NS, a common aspect of urban environments, exacerbates cognitive deficits and other symptoms in schizophrenia and related clinical populations.
噪音应激（NS）对人类健康和行为的许多方面都有害。了解噪音应激源对人类认知功能的影响是一个不断发展的研究领域，对于帮助临床人群（如精神分裂症患者，他们对应激源特别敏感）至关重要。一项对评估急性NS对健康成年人认知功能影响的研究的电子数据库综述揭示了31项相关研究。该综述表明：（1）NS对注意力、工作记忆和情景回忆有明显的负面影响；（2）人格特征，特别是神经质，以及睡眠会影响噪音应激源与任务复杂性相互作用时对表现的影响。先前关于与NS相关的认知领域持续受损、对应激源高度敏感、神经质增加和精神分裂症患者睡眠障碍的研究结果，再加上本综述的结果，凸显了进行实证研究以阐明作为城市环境常见特征的NS是否会加剧精神分裂症及相关临床人群的认知缺陷和其他症状的必要性。
