Antillón Marina, Lauderdale Diane S, Mullahy John
Yale University, 60 College Street, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
University of Chicago, 5841 S, Maryland Ave. MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
Econ Hum Biol. 2014 Jul;14:22-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Apr 18.
Recent research has reported that habitually short sleep duration is a risk factor for declining health, including increased risk of obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease. In this study we investigate whether macroeconomic conditions are associated with variation in mean sleep time in the United States, and if so, whether the effect is procyclical or countercyclical. We merge state unemployment rates from 2003 through 2012 with the American Time Use Survey, a nationally representative sample of adults with 24h time diaries. We find that higher aggregate unemployment is associated with longer mean sleep duration, with each additional point of state unemployment associated with an additional average 0.83 min of sleep (p<0.001), after adjusting for a secular trend of increasing sleep over the time period. Despite a national poll in 2009 that found one-third of Americans reporting losing sleep over the economy, we do not find that higher state unemployment is associated with more sleeplessness. Instead, we find that higher state unemployment is associated with less frequent time use described as "sleeplessness" (marginal effect=0.05 at 4% unemployment and 0.034 at 14% unemployment, p<0.001), after controlling for a secular trend.
近期研究报告称，习惯性短睡眠时间是健康状况下降的一个风险因素，包括肥胖、糖尿病和冠心病风险增加。在本研究中，我们调查宏观经济状况是否与美国平均睡眠时间的变化有关，如果有关，这种影响是顺周期的还是逆周期的。我们将2003年至2012年的州失业率与《美国时间使用调查》合并，该调查是一个具有全国代表性的成年人样本，并配有24小时时间日记。我们发现，总体失业率较高与平均睡眠时间较长有关，在调整了该时间段内睡眠时间增加的长期趋势后，州失业率每增加一个百分点，平均睡眠时间就会额外增加0.83分钟（p<0.001）。尽管2009年的一项全国民意调查发现，三分之一的美国人表示因经济问题而失眠，但我们并未发现州失业率较高与更多失眠有关。相反，在控制了长期趋势后，我们发现州失业率较高与被描述为“失眠”的时间使用频率较低有关（失业率为4%时边际效应为0.05，失业率为14%时边际效应为0.034，p<0.001）。
