Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA.
Postgrad Med J. 2014 Aug;90(1066):461-6. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132366. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
There is emerging evidence in the literature to suggest that disruption of the normal circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle signalling) is a potential risk factor to explain the increased incidence of metabolic syndrome. Over the last century, obesity, diabetes and other components of metabolic syndrome have been on the rise. On the other hand, the amount of sleep has decreased from an average of 6-8 h per night. Furthermore, the quality of sleep has declined with more individuals voluntarily decreasing their amount of sleep to work or enjoy leisure activities. Over the last decade, researchers have examined the relationship between disruption in human circadian system and the emergence of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome. Indeed, epidemiological studies suggest a relation between sleep duration and diabetes and obesity. Moreover, experimental animal and human studies suggest such a relation. These studies propose optimum sleep duration of 7-8 h per night to avoid circadian rhythm disruption and suggest that sleep disturbance, whether iatrogenic or disease-related, should be considered as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, and be addressed. This field is in its infancy and further understanding of specific pathophysiological pathways of circadian desynchronisation will help in developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
有越来越多的文献证据表明，昼夜节律（睡眠-觉醒周期信号）的破坏是解释代谢综合征发病率增加的一个潜在风险因素。在上个世纪，肥胖、糖尿病和代谢综合征的其他组成部分一直在增加。另一方面，人们的睡眠时间已经从每晚 6-8 小时减少到平均 6-8 小时。此外，越来越多的人自愿减少睡眠时间以工作或享受休闲活动，导致睡眠质量下降。在过去的十年中，研究人员研究了人类昼夜节律系统的破坏与代谢综合征相关症状的出现之间的关系。事实上，流行病学研究表明睡眠时间与糖尿病和肥胖之间存在关系。此外，动物实验和人体研究也提出了这样的关系。这些研究建议每晚 7-8 小时的最佳睡眠时间以避免昼夜节律紊乱，并建议将睡眠障碍（无论是医源性的还是与疾病相关的）视为代谢综合征的一个风险因素，并加以解决。这一领域还处于起步阶段，进一步了解昼夜节律失同步的特定病理生理途径将有助于开发新的预防和治疗策略。
