Guerra Patrick A, Gegear Robert J, Reppert Steven M
Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Gateway Park, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Nat Commun. 2014 Jun 24;5:4164. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5164.
Convincing evidence that migrant monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use a magnetic compass to aid their fall migration has been lacking from the spectacular navigational capabilities of this species. Here we use flight simulator studies to show that migrants indeed possess an inclination magnetic compass to help direct their flight equatorward in the fall. The use of this inclination compass is light-dependent utilizing ultraviolet-A/blue light between 380 and 420 nm. Notably, the significance of light <420 nm for inclination compass function was not considered in previous monarch studies. The antennae are important for the inclination compass because they appear to contain light-sensitive magnetosensors. For migratory monarchs, the inclination compass may serve as an important orientation mechanism when directional daylight cues are unavailable and may also augment time-compensated sun compass orientation for appropriate directionality throughout the migration.
对于帝王蝶（黑脉金斑蝶）令人惊叹的导航能力而言，一直缺乏确凿证据证明迁徙的帝王蝶利用磁罗盘来辅助它们秋季的迁徙。在此，我们通过飞行模拟器研究表明，迁徙的帝王蝶确实拥有一个倾斜磁罗盘，以帮助它们在秋季朝赤道方向飞行。这种倾斜罗盘的使用依赖于380至420纳米之间的紫外线A/蓝光。值得注意的是，先前对帝王蝶的研究并未考虑波长小于420纳米的光对于倾斜罗盘功能的重要性。触角对于倾斜罗盘很重要，因为它们似乎包含光敏感磁传感器。对于迁徙的帝王蝶来说，当没有方向性的日光线索时，倾斜罗盘可能作为一种重要的定向机制，并且在整个迁徙过程中，它还可能增强时间补偿太阳罗盘定向以实现适当的方向性。
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