Spaeth Andrea M, Dinges David F, Goel Namni
From the Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences (AMS) and the Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine (DFD and NG), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Aug;100(2):559-66. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.086579. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
Evidence indicates that men and African Americans may be more susceptible to weight gain resulting from sleep loss than women and whites, respectively. Increased daily caloric intake is a major behavioral mechanism that underlies the relation between sleep loss and weight gain.
We sought to assess sex and race differences in caloric intake, macronutrient intake, and meal timing during sleep restriction.
Forty-four healthy adults aged 21-50 y (mean ± SD: 32.7 ± 8.7 y; n = 21 women, n = 16 whites) completed an in-laboratory protocol that included 2 consecutive baseline nights [10 or 12 h time in bed (TIB)/night; 2200-0800 or 2200-1000] followed by 5 consecutive sleep-restriction nights (4 h TIB/night; 0400-0800). Caloric intake and meal-timing data were collected during the 2 d after baseline sleep and the first 3 d after sleep restriction.
During sleep restriction, subjects increased daily caloric intake (P < 0.001) and fat intake (P = 0.024), including obtaining more calories from condiments, desserts, and salty snacks (Ps < 0.05) and consumed 532.6 ± 295.6 cal during late-night hours (2200-0359). Relative to women, men consumed more daily calories during baseline and sleep restriction, exhibited a greater increase in caloric intake during sleep restriction (d = 0.62), and consumed a higher percentage of daily calories during late-night hours (d = 0.78, Ps < 0.05). African Americans and whites did not significantly differ in daily caloric intake, increased caloric intake during sleep restriction, or meal timing. However, African Americans consumed more carbohydrates, less protein, and more caffeine-free soda and juice than whites did during the study (Ps < 0.05).
Men may be more susceptible to weight gain during sleep loss than women due to a larger increase in daily caloric intake, particularly during late-night hours. These findings are relevant to the promotion of public health awareness by highlighting nutritional risk factors and modifiable behaviors for weight gain related to sleep-wake timing.
有证据表明，男性和非裔美国人可能分别比女性和白人更容易因睡眠不足而体重增加。每日热量摄入增加是睡眠不足与体重增加之间关系的主要行为机制。
我们试图评估睡眠受限期间热量摄入、常量营养素摄入和进餐时间的性别和种族差异。
44名年龄在21 - 50岁的健康成年人（平均±标准差：32.7±8.7岁；n = 21名女性，n = 16名白人）完成了一项实验室方案，该方案包括连续2个基线夜晚[卧床时间（TIB）为10或12小时/晚；22:00 - 08:00或22:00 - 10:00]，随后是连续5个睡眠受限夜晚（TIB为4小时/晚；04:00 - 08:00）。在基线睡眠后的2天和睡眠受限后的前3天收集热量摄入和进餐时间数据。
在睡眠受限期间，受试者每日热量摄入增加（P < 0.001）和脂肪摄入增加（P = 0.024），包括从调味品、甜点和咸味小吃中获取更多热量（P < 0.05），并在深夜（22:00 - 03:59）消耗了532.6±295.6卡路里。与女性相比，男性在基线和睡眠受限期间每日消耗的热量更多，在睡眠受限期间热量摄入增加幅度更大（d = 0.62），并且在深夜消耗的每日热量百分比更高（d = 0.78，P < 0.05）。非裔美国人和白人在每日热量摄入、睡眠受限期间热量摄入增加或进餐时间方面没有显著差异。然而，在研究期间，非裔美国人比白人消耗更多的碳水化合物、更少的蛋白质，以及更多的无咖啡因汽水和果汁（P < 0.05）。
由于每日热量摄入增加幅度更大，尤其是在深夜，男性在睡眠不足期间可能比女性更容易体重增加。这些发现通过强调与睡眠 - 觉醒时间相关的体重增加的营养风险因素和可改变行为，与促进公众健康意识相关。
