Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada.
Front Oncol. 2014 Jun 11;4:145. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00145. eCollection 2014.
Cancer is a traitorous archenemy that threatens our survival. Its ability to evade detection and adapt to various cancer therapies means that it is a moving target that becomes increasingly difficult to attack. Through technological advancements, we have developed sophisticated weapons to fight off tumor growth and invasion. However, if we are to stand a chance in this war against cancer, advanced tactics will be required to maximize the use of our available resources. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are multi-functional cancer-fighters that can be engineered to suit many different strategies; in particular, their retooling can facilitate increased capacity for direct tumor killing (oncolytic virotherapy) and elicit adaptive antitumor immune responses (oncolytic immunotherapy). However, administration of these modified OVs alone, rarely induces successful regression of established tumors. This may be attributed to host antiviral immunity that acts to eliminate viral particles, as well as the capacity for tumors to adapt to therapeutic selective pressure. It has been shown that various chemotherapeutic drugs with distinct functional properties can potentiate the antitumor efficacy of OVs. In this review, we summarize the chemotherapeutic combinatorial strategies used to optimize virally induced destruction of tumors. With a particular focus on pharmaceutical immunomodulators, we discuss how specific therapeutic contexts may alter the effects of these synergistic combinations and their implications for future clinical use.
癌症是威胁我们生存的叛徒大敌。它逃避检测和适应各种癌症疗法的能力意味着它是一个移动的目标，越来越难以攻击。通过技术进步，我们已经开发出了精密的武器来对抗肿瘤的生长和侵袭。然而，如果我们要在这场与癌症的战争中取得胜利，就需要先进的策略来最大限度地利用我们现有的资源。溶瘤病毒（OVs）是多功能的抗癌战士，可以根据许多不同的策略进行设计；特别是，它们的重新设计可以促进直接肿瘤杀伤（溶瘤病毒疗法）的能力，并引发适应性抗肿瘤免疫反应（溶瘤免疫疗法）。然而，单独使用这些改良的 OVs 很少能成功地使已建立的肿瘤消退。这可能归因于宿主抗病毒免疫，它可以消除病毒颗粒，以及肿瘤适应治疗选择性压力的能力。已经表明，具有不同功能特性的各种化疗药物可以增强 OVs 的抗肿瘤功效。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于优化病毒诱导的肿瘤破坏的化疗联合策略。特别关注药物免疫调节剂，我们讨论了特定的治疗环境如何改变这些协同组合的效果及其对未来临床应用的影响。
