Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA.
Front Chem. 2014 Jun 11;2:35. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00035. eCollection 2014.
The family Cistaceae (Angiosperm, Malvales) consists of 8 genera and 180 species, with 5 genera native to the Mediterranean area (Cistus, Fumara, Halimium, Helianthemum, and Tuberaria). Traditionally, a number of Cistus species have been used in Mediterranean folk medicine as herbal tea infusions for healing digestive problems and colds, as extracts for the treatment of diseases, and as fragrances. The resin, ladano, secreted by the glandular trichomes of certain Cistus species contains a number of phytochemicals with antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, total leaf aqueous extracts possess anti-influenza virus activity. All these properties have been attributed to phytochemicals such as terpenoids, including diterpenes, labdane-type diterpenes and clerodanes, phenylpropanoids, including flavonoids and ellagitannins, several groups of alkaloids and other types of secondary metabolites. In the past 20 years, research on Cistus involved chemical, biological and phylogenetic analyses but recent investigations have involved genomic and molecular approaches. Our lab is exploring the biosynthetic machinery that generates terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, with a goal to harness their numerous properties that have applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical and aromatic industries. This review focuses on the systematics, botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, chemical analyses, biological function and biosynthesis of major compounds, as well as genomic analyses and biotechnological approaches of the main Cistus species found in the Mediterranean basin, namely C. albidus, C. creticus, C. crispus, C. parviflorus, C. monspeliensis, C. populifolius, C. salviifolius, C. ladanifer, C. laurifolius, and C. clusii.
科蒂茨科（被子植物，锦葵科）由 8 属 180 种组成，其中 5 属原产于地中海地区（Cistus、Fumara、Halimium、Helianthemum 和 Tuberaria）。传统上，一些 Cistus 物种被用于地中海民间医学，作为草药茶的混合物来治疗消化问题和感冒，作为提取物来治疗疾病，并作为香料。某些 Cistus 物种的腺毛状体分泌的树脂 ladano 含有许多具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗真菌和抗癌特性的植物化学物质。此外，总叶水提取物具有抗流感病毒活性。所有这些特性都归因于萜类化合物等植物化学物质，包括萜类化合物、二萜类化合物、角鲨烷型二萜类化合物和 clerodanes、苯丙素类化合物，包括类黄酮和鞣花单宁、几类生物碱和其他类型的次生代谢产物。在过去的 20 年中，对 Cistus 的研究涉及化学、生物和系统发育分析，但最近的研究涉及基因组和分子方法。我们的实验室正在探索产生萜类化合物和苯丙素类化合物的生物合成机制，目标是利用它们在制药、化学和芳香工业中的众多特性。本文综述了地中海盆地主要 Cistus 物种的系统学、植物学特征、地理分布、化学分析、生物功能和主要化合物的生物合成，以及基因组分析和生物技术方法，这些物种包括 C. albidus、C. creticus、C. crispus、C. parviflorus、C. monspeliensis、C. populifolius、C. salviifolius、C. ladanifer、C. laurifolius 和 C. clusii。
