Haberstick Brett C, Zeiger Joanna S, Corley Robin P
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 447, Boulder, CO 80309-0447, USA.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:805476. doi: 10.1155/2014/805476. Epub 2014 May 20.
There is a growing recognition of the importance of the out-of-school activities in which adolescents choose to participate. Youth activities vary widely in terms of specific activities and in time devoted to them but can generally be grouped by the type and total duration spent per type. We collected leisure time information using a 17-item leisure time questionnaire in a large sample of same- and opposite-sex adolescent twin pairs (N = 2847). Using both univariate and multivariate genetic models, we sought to determine the type and magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the allocation of time toward different leisure times. Results indicated that both genetic and shared and nonshared environmental influences were important contributors to individual differences in physical, social, intellectual, family, and passive activities such as watching television. The magnitude of these influences differed between males and females. Environmental influences were the primary factors contributing to the covariation of different leisure time activities. Our results suggest the importance of heritable influences on the allocation of leisure time activity by adolescents and highlight the importance of environmental experiences in these choices.
人们越来越认识到青少年选择参与的校外活动的重要性。青少年活动在具体活动以及投入时间方面差异很大，但通常可按类型以及每种类型所花费的总时长进行分类。我们在一大样本的同性和异性青少年双胞胎对（N = 2847）中使用一份包含17个项目的休闲时间问卷收集了休闲时间信息。我们运用单变量和多变量遗传模型，试图确定遗传和环境影响在不同休闲时间分配上的类型和程度。结果表明，遗传、共享和非共享环境影响都是导致个体在体育、社交、智力、家庭及诸如看电视等被动活动方面存在差异的重要因素。这些影响的程度在男性和女性之间有所不同。环境影响是导致不同休闲时间活动协变的主要因素。我们的结果表明遗传影响对青少年休闲时间活动分配的重要性，并突出了环境体验在这些选择中的重要性。
