Asif Hafiz Muhammad, Sultana Sabira, Akhtar Naveed, Rehman Jalil Ur, Rehman Riaz Ur
Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(11):4411-6. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4411.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females all over the world with approximately one million new cases each year as well as one of second leading causes of death among females. In Pakistan, the most frequently diagnosed cancer among females is also breast cancer, accounting for nearly one in nine female patients. Its incidence in Pakistan is 2.5 times higher than that in neighboring countries like Iran and India. The risk factors associated with breast cancer are age, family history, early menarche, intake of combined estrogen and progestin menopausal hormones, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, low socioeconomic status and lack of awareness regarding the disease. This mini-review article aims to provide awareness about breast cancer as well as an updated knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors and disease knowledge of breast cancer in Pakistan.
乳腺癌是全球女性中最常见的癌症,每年新增病例约100万,也是女性第二大主要死因之一。在巴基斯坦,女性中最常被诊断出的癌症也是乳腺癌,几乎每九名女性患者中就有一名是乳腺癌患者。其在巴基斯坦的发病率比伊朗和印度等邻国高2.5倍。与乳腺癌相关的风险因素包括年龄、家族病史、初潮早、摄入联合雌激素和孕激素的更年期激素、饮酒、缺乏体育锻炼、社会经济地位低以及对该疾病缺乏认识。这篇小型综述文章旨在提高对乳腺癌的认识,并提供有关巴基斯坦乳腺癌患病率、风险因素和疾病知识的最新信息。