Anaissie E J, Bodey G P, Rinaldi M G
Department of Medical Specialities, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1989 Apr;8(4):323-30. doi: 10.1007/BF01963467.
Fungi such as Fusarium spp., Curvularia spp., Alternaria spp. or Trichosporon beigelii, had been thought to represent contamination or harmless colonization when isolated from humans. More recently, the role of these and other newly recognized fungi as serious pathogens has been clearly established. Three diverse groups of fungi are responsible for these infections: the agents of phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis and certain yeasts. These infections, which have been encountered in both presumably healthy and immuno-compromised individuals, tend to be localized in the former, and disseminated and frequently fatal in the latter group of patients. A major concern is that these organisms are not uniformly susceptible to amphotericin B. Standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing may, therefore, be helpful in determining the antifungal drug of choice for each infection. It is also hoped that the advent of newer antifungals and biologic response modifiers will have a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of these emerging infections.
诸如镰刀菌属、弯孢霉属、链格孢属或白吉利丝孢酵母等真菌，过去从人体分离出来时曾被认为是污染菌或无害定植菌。最近，这些真菌以及其他新确认的真菌作为严重病原体的作用已被明确证实。有三类不同的真菌会引发这些感染：暗色丝孢霉病和透明丝孢霉病的病原体以及某些酵母菌。这些感染在看似健康的人和免疫功能低下的个体中均有发现，在前一类人群中往往呈局限性，而在后一类患者中则会播散且常常致命。一个主要问题是这些微生物对两性霉素B并非都敏感。因此，抗真菌药敏试验的标准化可能有助于确定每种感染的抗真菌首选药物。人们还希望新型抗真菌药物和生物反应调节剂的出现将对这些新出现感染的发病率和死亡率产生重大影响。
