Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rehabilitation Center Seehof, Federal German Pension Agency, and Research Group Psychosomatic Rehabilitation, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Teltow/Berlin, Germany.
Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83(4):205-12. doi: 10.1159/000358852. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
The term 'psychosomatic' has many connotations, be it in the sense of a general biopsychosocial concept in medicine as outlined in the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) of the World Health Organization, a holistic and person-centered view of the patient beyond the illness, the treatment of somatoform or somatic disorders, or special psychotherapeutic approaches. In Germany, there are also about 25,000 inpatient beds in 'psychosomatic rehabilitation hospitals', which treat approximately 5/1,000 inhabitants in the working age population per year. These institutions give an example of how to translate the theoretical concepts of psychosomatic medicine and of the ICF into clinical practice. 'Psychosomatic rehabilitation' aims at the prevention, treatment and compensation of chronic illness by a biopsychosocial approach. This includes a multilevel psychosomatic assessment and a multidimensional treatment focus including the reduction of symptoms, the training of capacities, the coping with chronic illness and impairment, the restoration of well-being and normal life, and the occupational reintegration including the search for a workplace, which allows work in spite of impairment. Scientific studies have shown that the psychological status, the motivation to work, the number of days on sickness leave and occupational reintegration can be improved, and that the system pays for the patients themselves, but also pension and health insurance companies.
“心身”一词有很多含义，无论是在世界卫生组织（WHO）的《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF）中所概述的医学中的一般生物心理社会概念，还是超越疾病的、以患者整体为中心的观点，或是对躯体形式或躯体障碍的治疗，还是特殊的心理治疗方法，都有体现。在德国，“心身康复医院”也有约 25000 张住院病床，每年为大约每千名劳动年龄人口中的 5 人提供治疗。这些机构为如何将心身医学和 ICF 的理论概念转化为临床实践提供了范例。“心身康复”旨在通过生物心理社会方法预防、治疗和补偿慢性病。这包括多层面的心身评估和多维治疗重点，包括减轻症状、培养能力、应对慢性病和损伤、恢复幸福感和正常生活，以及职业再融入，包括寻找工作场所，即使有损伤也能工作。科学研究表明，可以改善心理状态、工作动机、病假天数和职业再融入，并且系统为患者自己、养老金和健康保险公司付费。
