Khare M, Singh Av, Zamboni P
Department of Applied Sciences, Maharashtra Academy of Engineering, Alandi (D), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA ; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.
Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 May;4(3):305-12. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.133447.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder, which has impacted health related quality of life (HRQoL) more intensively than any other neurological disorder. The approaches to improve the health standard in MS patient are still a subject of primary importance in medical practice and seek a lot of experimental exploration. The present review briefly explains the anomaly in neuron anatomy and dysfunction in signal transmission arising in the context with the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), a recent hypothesis related with MS pathophysiology. Subsequently, it insights brain-machine interface (BMI) as an alternative approach to improve the HRQoL of MS subjects. Information sources were searched from peer-reviewed data bases (Medline, BioMed Central, PubMed) and grey-literature databases for data published in 2000 or later. We also did systemic search in edited books, articles in seminar papers, reports extracted from newspapers and scientific magazines, articles accessed from internet; mostly using PubMed, Google search engine and Wikipedia. Out of approximately 178, 240 research articles obtained using selected keywords, those articles were included in the present study which addresses the latest definitions of HRQol and latest scientific and ethical developments in the research of MS and BMI. The article presented a brief survey of CCSVI mediated MS and BMI-approach as a treatment to serve the patients suffering from disabilities as a result of MS, followed by successful precedence of BMI approach. Apart from these, the major findings of selected research articles including the development of parameters to define HRQoL, types and development of BMIs and its role in interconnecting brain with actuators, along with CCSVI being a possible cause of MS have formed the foundations to conclude the findings of the present review article. We propose a perspective BMI approach and promises it holds for future research to improve HRQoL in MS patients. In addition, we propose that brain-computer interfaces will be the core of new treatment modalities in the future for MS disabilities.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种自身免疫性神经疾病，它对健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的影响比任何其他神经疾病都更为严重。改善MS患者健康水平的方法在医学实践中仍然是至关重要的课题，并且需要大量的实验探索。本综述简要解释了在慢性脑脊髓静脉功能不全（CCSVI）背景下出现的神经元解剖异常和信号传递功能障碍，CCSVI是一种与MS病理生理学相关的最新假说。随后，探讨了脑机接口（BMI）作为改善MS患者HRQoL的替代方法。信息来源从同行评审数据库（Medline、BioMed Central、PubMed）和灰色文献数据库中搜索2000年或之后发表的数据。我们还在编辑书籍、研讨会论文、从报纸和科学杂志中提取的报告、从互联网获取的文章中进行了系统搜索；主要使用PubMed、谷歌搜索引擎和维基百科。在使用选定关键词获得的约178,240篇研究文章中，纳入本研究的是那些涉及HRQol的最新定义以及MS和BMI研究中最新科学和伦理进展的文章。本文简要概述了CCSVI介导的MS以及作为治疗因MS导致残疾患者的BMI方法，随后介绍了BMI方法的成功先例。除此之外，选定研究文章的主要发现包括定义HRQoL的参数的发展、BMI的类型和发展及其在将大脑与执行器互连中的作用，以及CCSVI作为MS可能病因，这些构成了本综述文章结论的基础。我们提出了一种前瞻性的BMI方法，并承诺其对未来改善MS患者HRQoL研究的前景。此外，我们提出脑机接口将成为未来MS残疾新治疗模式的核心。
