Vernon Ty W
Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Koegel Autism Center, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9490, USA,
J Autism Dev Disord. 2014 Dec;44(12):3072-82. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2173-z.
Young children with autism often experience limited social motivation and responsiveness that restricts establishment of crucial social momentum. These characteristics can lead to decreased opportunities for parental engagement and the social learning associated with these moments. Early social interventions that capitalize on pre-existing interests may be able to re-establish this developmentally critical feedback loop, in which both child and parent social behaviors simultaneously increase and influence one another. This investigation examined the moment-by-moment, micro-transactional relationship between parent and child social behavior gains observed in an early intervention study. Time-window sequential analyses revealed the presence of clinically and statistically significant sequential associations between parent and child social behaviors during an embedded social interaction intervention, but not in a comparable motivational intervention that utilized highly preferred toys and objects. Specifically, the onset of parent eye contact, directed positive affect, or offer of a reinforcing incentive predicted the immediate occurrence of child eye contact and positive affect in the experimental social intervention condition. Additionally, child verbal initiations, positive affect, and eye contact immediately predicted the onset of parent positive affect during this social intervention paradigm. Theoretical implications for the social developmental trajectory of autism are discussed.
患有自闭症的幼儿往往社交动机和反应能力有限，这限制了关键社交动力的建立。这些特征可能导致亲子互动机会减少，以及与这些时刻相关的社会学习减少。利用孩子既有的兴趣开展的早期社会干预或许能够重新建立这个对发育至关重要的反馈循环，在这个循环中，孩子和父母的社会行为会同时增加并相互影响。本研究调查了在一项早期干预研究中观察到的亲子社会行为增进之间即时的、微观互动的关系。时间窗口序列分析显示，在嵌入式社会互动干预期间，亲子社会行为之间存在临床和统计学上显著的序列关联，但在使用高度偏好的玩具和物品的类似动机干预中则不存在。具体而言，在实验性社会干预条件下，父母眼神接触、直接的积极情感或提供强化激励的开始预示着孩子眼神接触和积极情感的立即出现。此外，在这种社会干预范式中，孩子的言语发起、积极情感和眼神接触会立即预示着父母积极情感的开始。本文讨论了对自闭症社会发展轨迹的理论意义。
