Sermrittirong Silatham, Van Brakel Wim H
Lepr Rev. 2014 Mar;85(1):36-47.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that has stigmatised people affected since ancient times until now. This has resulted in difficulties in the lives of those affected.
This literature review was conducted to understand the concept, causes, and determinants of stigma in leprosy.
Electronic searches were undertaken using PubMed (Medline), CINAHL and PsycInfo databases. The internet was searched through Google Scholar for papers not found in these databases. The main inclusion criteria were papers related to stigma or leprosy written in Thai or English.
After searching the databases, 84 papers were identified, 3 were removed because of duplication and parallel publication, and 20 were removed on abstract screening. After reading 61 full papers, 7 were excluded. Finally, 54 were included in this review. It was found that the concept of stigma involves not only characteristics considered undesirable, but also the social context of the individual or group. Reported causes and determinants of stigma related to leprosy are the external manifestations of the disease, cultural and religious beliefs, fear of transmission, association with people considered inferior and public health-related interventions.
Stigma is a complex phenomenon that has multiple causes, often linked to the cultural context in which it occurs. Despite this, many similarities were found in leprosy-related stigma across countries and cultures, which would facilitate the development of interventions.
麻风病是一种慢性传染病，从古至今一直使患者遭受污名化。这给患者的生活带来了困难。
进行本次文献综述以了解麻风病污名的概念、成因和决定因素。
使用PubMed（医学索引数据库）、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）和心理学文摘数据库（PsycInfo）进行电子检索。通过谷歌学术搜索互联网，查找这些数据库中未找到的论文。主要纳入标准是用泰语或英语撰写的与污名或麻风病相关的论文。
在检索数据库后，共识别出84篇论文，其中3篇因重复发表和平行发表而被剔除，20篇在摘要筛选时被剔除。在阅读61篇全文后，又排除了7篇。最终，本综述纳入了54篇论文。研究发现，污名的概念不仅涉及被认为不受欢迎的特征，还涉及个人或群体的社会背景。与麻风病相关的污名的 reported causes and determinants 是疾病的外在表现、文化和宗教信仰、对传播的恐惧、与被认为低等的人的关联以及与公共卫生相关的干预措施。
污名是一种复杂的现象，有多种成因，通常与它发生的文化背景相关。尽管如此，在不同国家和文化中，与麻风病相关的污名存在许多相似之处，这将有助于制定干预措施。 （注：“reported causes and determinants”这里表述不太准确，可能是“报告的成因和决定因素”之类的意思，原文表述有些模糊）
