Institute for Social Research and Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104; andCenter for Social Research and
Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 1;111(26):9437-42. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1407709111. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
In the past three decades, China has become a major contributor to science and technology. China now employs an increasingly large labor force of scientists and engineers at relatively high earnings and produces more science and engineering degrees than the United States at all levels, particularly bachelor's. China's research and development expenditure has been rising. Research output in China has been sharply increasing since 2002, making China the second largest producer of scientific papers after the United States. The quality of research by Chinese scientists has also been improving steadily. However, China's rise in science also faces serious difficulties, partly attributable to its rigid, top-down administrative system, with allegations of scientific misconduct trending upward.
在过去的三十年里，中国已经成为科学技术的主要贡献者之一。中国现在拥有越来越多的高收入科学家和工程师劳动力，并且在各级科学和工程学位的授予数量上超过了美国，尤其是学士学位。中国的研发支出一直在增加。自 2002 年以来，中国的研究成果急剧增加，使中国成为仅次于美国的第二大科学论文生产国。中国科学家的研究质量也在稳步提高。然而，中国科学的崛起也面临着严峻的困难，部分原因是其僵化的自上而下的行政体制，伴随着科学不端行为的指控不断上升。
