School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Aug;20(8):741-5. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12746.
Norovirus (NoV) is now the dominant aetiological agent of acute gastroenteritis, and, with the recent introduction of rotavirus vaccines in many countries, this is likely to remain the case. NoV has a significant impact on human wellbeing in terms of morbidity, economic costs and mortality in developing countries. NoVs are divided into six genogroups (GI-GVI), but only GI, GII and GIV are known to infect humans, with GII being the most prevalent, causing >95% of human infections. The immune system is thought to drive selection of emerging pandemic NoVs through both antigenic drift and shift. This phenomenon results in the replacement of dominant circulating viruses approximately every 3 years, with new variants able to re-infect hosts previously infected with earlier viruses. This review explores the evolutionary aspects of contemporary NoVs.
诺如病毒（NoV）是目前急性肠胃炎的主要病因，且随着近期许多国家引入轮状病毒疫苗，这种情况很可能会持续下去。NoV 在发病率、经济成本和发展中国家的死亡率方面对人类健康有重大影响。NoV 分为六个基因群（GI-GVI），但已知只有 GI、GII 和 GIV 能够感染人类，其中 GII 最为普遍，导致超过 95%的人类感染。人们认为免疫系统通过抗原漂移和转变来推动新发大流行 NoV 的选择。这种现象导致主导的循环病毒每 3 年左右发生一次更替，新的变体能够重新感染先前感染过早期病毒的宿主。这篇综述探讨了当代 NoV 的进化方面。
