Fikkers Joost T, Bouma Heinse W, de Boer Stefan F, Toogood Paul A, van Kampen Paulien M, Hogervorst Tom
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haga Hospital, Sportlaan 600, 2566 MJ, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Apr;473(4):1204-11. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-3754-z.
Human hip morphology is variable, and some variations (or hip morphotypes) such as coxa profunda and coxa recta (cam-type hip) are associated with femoroacetabular impingement and the development of osteoarthrosis. Currently, however, this variability is unexplained. A broader perspective with background information on the morphology of the proximal femur of nonhuman apes is lacking. Specifically, no studies exist of nonhuman ape femora that quantify concavity and its variability.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We hypothesized that, when compared with modern humans, the nonhuman apes would show (1) greater proximal femoral concavity; (2) less variability in concavity; and (3) less sexual dimorphism in proximal femoral morphology.
Using identical methods, we compared 10 morphological parameters in 375 human femora that are part of the Hamann-Todd collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History with 210 nonhuman ape femora that are part of the collection of the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
The nonhuman apes have larger proximal femoral concavity than modern humans. This morphology is almost uniform without large variability or large differences neither between species nor between sexes.
Variability is seen in human but not in nonhuman ape proximal femoral morphology. An evolutionary explanation can be that proximal femoral concavity is more important for the nonhuman apes, for example for climbing, than for modern humans, where a lack of concavity may be related to high loading of the hip, for example in running.
人类髋关节形态具有多样性，一些变异（或髋关节形态类型），如髋臼深和髋臼直（凸轮型髋关节）与股骨髋臼撞击症及骨关节炎的发展相关。然而，目前这种变异性的原因尚不清楚。缺乏对非人类灵长类动物股骨近端形态背景信息的更广泛视角。具体而言，尚无对非人类灵长类动物股骨进行凹度量化及其变异性研究。
问题/目的：我们假设，与现代人类相比，非人类灵长类动物将表现出：（1）更大的股骨近端凹度；（2）凹度变异性更小；（3）股骨近端形态的两性差异更小。
我们使用相同方法，将克利夫兰自然历史博物馆哈曼 - 托德藏品中的375例人类股骨的10个形态学参数，与比利时特尔菲伦皇家中非博物馆以及法国巴黎国家自然历史博物馆藏品中的210例非人类灵长类动物股骨进行比较。
非人类灵长类动物的股骨近端凹度比现代人类大。这种形态几乎一致，无论物种间还是性别间都没有大的变异性或差异。
人类股骨近端形态存在变异性，而非人类灵长类动物则不存在。一种进化解释是，股骨近端凹度对非人类灵长类动物（如攀爬）比现代人类更重要，现代人类缺乏凹度可能与髋关节高负荷（如跑步时）有关。
